Orthopedics

A Statistical Theory of Contrastive Pre-training and Multimodal Generative AI

Multi-modal generative AI systems, such as those combining vision and language, rely on contrastive pre-training to learn representations across different modalities. While their practical benefits are widely acknowledged, a rigorous theoretical understanding of the contrastive pre-training framework remains limited. This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain the success of contrasti...

SNR-EQ-JSCC: Joint Source-Channel Coding with SNR-Based Embedding and Query

Coping with the impact of dynamic channels is a critical issue in joint source-channel coding (JSCC)-based semantic communication systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight channel-adaptive semantic coding architecture called SNR-EQ-JSCC. It is built upon the generic Transformer model and achieves channel adaptation (CA) by Embedding the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) into the attention block...

Detail Matters: Mamba-Inspired Joint Unfolding Network for Snapshot Spectral Compressive Imaging

In the coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging system, Deep Unfolding Networks (DUNs) have made impressive progress in recovering 3D hyperspectral ...

Semantics-Guided Diffusion for Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding in Wireless Image Transmission

Joint source-channel coding (JSCC) offers a promising avenue for enhancing transmission efficiency by jointly incorporating source and channel stati...

Inferring the landscapes of mutation and recombination in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the presence of twinning and hematopoietic chimerism

The common marmoset is an important model in biomedical and clinical research, particularly for the study of age-related, neurodegenerative, and neuro...

Deep learning-based joint sequence–structure de novo membrane protein design

Deep learning has revolutionized soluble protein design, yet de novo transmembrane (TM) protein engineering remains hindered by scarce structural data...

Anatomy-aware, label-informed approach improves image registration for challenging datasets

Image registration-based volumetric morphometrics have emerged as a valuable method for identifying subtle morphological differences in neuroimaging a...

Automated generation of personalized trajectories of aging phenotypes with DyViA-GAN

With a general increase in human lifespan, the need for technological advances to develop strategies for healthy aging has assumed great importance. I...

JointMap identified SERPINA3+ chondrocytes as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that affects nearly half of the population aged over 65. Recent single-cell transcriptio...

Modeling the Biomechanical Features Affecting the Metabolic Rate of Walking with a Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis

For individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation, powered ankle-foot prostheses have the potential to reduce the metabolic rate of walking, whic...

Imaging cellular activity simultaneously across all organs of a vertebrate reveals body-wide circuits

All cells in an animal collectively ensure, moment-to-moment, the survival of the whole organism in the face of environmental stressors1,2. Physiology...

Multi-omics integration at cell type resolution uncovers gene-metabolite mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis heterogeneity

Metabolic dysregulation is an important factor for osteoarthritis pathogenesis, but comprehensive studies of underlying mechanisms and pathways are ra...

Predicting functional constraints across evolutionary timescales with phylogeny-informed genomic language models

Genomic language models (gLMs) have emerged as a powerful approach for learning genome-wide functional constraints directly from DNA sequences. Howeve...

Multi-Target Mechanisms of Xiaobi Plaster in Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Insights from Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analyses

Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, yet current thera...

Octopamine signaling from clock neurons plays dual roles in Drosophila long-term memory

Circadian clock genes are best known for regulating circadian rhythms, but they also play crucial roles in memory processes. This suggests that memory...

ZebraTrack: An Open-Source Object Detection Algorithm to Detect and Track Larval Zebrafish Motor Touch Responses

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a model organism used for the study of vertebrate development, disease and drug discovery. Two-day old larval zebrafish ex...

Deciphering the 3D genome organization across species from Hi-C data

Three-dimensional genome organization is essential for gene regulation, yet in various species it is driven by different biological mechanisms. Specie...

End-to-end evaluation of white matter microstructure of the visual pathway in asymmetric glaucoma

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that enables in vivo evaluation of white matter microstructure, providin...

Extracellular space diffusion modelling identifies distinct functional advantages of archetypical glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse geometries

The brain extracellular space (ECS) is a convoluted compartment of nano- and microscale interconnected ducts. A key step in signaling between neural c...

Lectin Microarray-based Glycomics and Machine Learning Identify Shared Osteoarthritis Biomarkers in Humans, Dogs, and Horses

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a common sequela to joint injury in both humans and companion animal species such as horses and dogs. Despite ...