Osteoporosis

Hidden risk in normal myocardial perfusion scans: AI-detected proximal coronary calcium on CT attenuation maps improves prognosis.

PURPOSE: Spatial distribution of coronary artery calcium (CAC) may provide additional prognostic value in patients undergoing SPECT and PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We aimed to automatically identify CAC in proximal segments from attenuation correction CT (CTAC) scans using artificial intelligence (AI) and to evaluate prognostic significance in two large international multicenter regist...

Lesion-Level Association Between Artificial Intelligence-Derived Coronary Calcium Volume and Plaque Vulnerability.

BACKGROUND: Extensively calcified lesions are typically at low risk for lesion-level acute events, which may be related to less vulnerable plaques. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the lesion-level association between total calcification volume and plaque vulnerability. METHODS: Data were derived from the prospective, observational PECTUS-obs study, in which patients with myocardial infar...

Opportunistic Coronary Artery Calcium Screening: Time for Clinical Implementation.

Explainable Deep Learning and Targeted Spectral Augmentation for Mid-Infrared Classification of Additive-Containing Polymers.

Deep learning architectures are increasingly used for spectral classification because of their ability to achieve high prediction accuracies and adapt...

Decoding the Oxytocinergic and Behavioral Signatures of Milk Ejection.

Oxytocin-mediated milk ejection (ME) is pivotal to effective breastfeeding and reproductive health, yet behaviorally decoding and revealing neural mec...

MULTIPREVENT: Integrated screening for smoking-related multimorbidity using low-dose chest computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption, combined with individual genetic predispositions, contributes to an age-dependent risk not only for lung cancer but a...

Side-to-side differences in hip bone mineral density and associated morphological factors.

UNLABELLED: In the analysis of 82 participants using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) images, side-to-side differences in hip bone mineral densi...

Novel opportunistic imaging biomarkers with AI-assisted sarcopenia assessment associated with survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: The scarcity of donor organs necessitates the development of refined prognostic tools to optimize candidate selection and survival outco...

Peptide Therapeutics in Orthopaedics: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

➢ Peptides lack a rigid tertiary structure, allowing them to adopt a variety of conformations, and can be engineered for specific targets. This articl...

Eco-benign synthesis of spent vegetable oil-based biodiesel using thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shell catalysts: experimental, modeling and computational studies.

The quest to mitigate the critical challenges in the global energy landscape and carbon emission crisis and promote sustainable energy practices calls...

A comprehensive evaluation of seven osteoporosis screening tools.

UNLABELLED: This review evaluates the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of seven osteoporosis screening tools in populations such as pos...

A feature-efficient dual-task machine learning framework for predicting bone mineral density and osteoporosis stratification in resource-constrained environments.

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disorder characterized by progressive bone mineral density (BMD) loss and structural deterioration, significantly i...

An interpretable machine learning model integrating ultrasound and clinical variables for predicting osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis (OP) and fractures, yet dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) ...

Mapping ovarian cellular and molecular landscape across the lifespan of women: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: With growing interest in ART, fertility preservation, and postmenopausal health of women, reproductive medicine is increasingly focused on...

PAN4, an AI-designed host-directed immunomodulatory peptide, promotes PGRP-SC1a-associated intestinal immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster.

We identify PAN4 (GAYTFKIRRK), an AI-designed host-directed immunomodulatory peptide, as a modulator of intestinal immune homeostasis in Drosophila me...

Feasibility assessment of calcium carbonate scale thickness and volume fraction estimation in three-phase flow using neutron activation analysis and deep neural networks.

Accurate characterization of fluid volume fractions and scale deposition in multiphase flows is essential for optimizing oil and gas production and tr...

Establishment of a Multimodal Prognostic Prediction Model for Multiple Myeloma Patients Based on Radiomics and Clinical Features: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a survival prediction system integrating radiomics and clinical features for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), and...

Screening of core targets for Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate-related gastric cancer based on machine learning, molecular docking, and SHAP analysis.

PURPOSE: Given the existing uncertainties regarding the link between Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and gastric cancer (GC) progression, t...

Chest Radiograph-based Artificial Intelligence for Osteoporosis: Accuracy and Associations With Fracture and Mortality.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an AI tool for opportunistic osteoporosis screening using chest radiographs (CXRs), focusing on its diagnostic accuracy agains...

Integration of metabolomics and machine learning algorithm for discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder and a major public health concern characterized by reduced bone mass and bone mic...