Pathology

Cross-Species Generalization and Comparative Performance Analysis of Deep Neural Network Architectures in Histological Image Classification.

Histological image classification plays a critical role in biomedical research and diagnostic processes. Advances in the field of deep learning present significant opportunities for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and developing automated decision support systems. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the out-of-distribution generalization and cross-domain classification performance of different...

Multi-Omics Integration Identifies a CDH3-Associated Malignant Epithelial State and Immunosuppressive Niche to Predict Prognosis in Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare and heterogeneous malignancies whose aggressive epithelial states and microenvironmental organization remain poorly defined. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multiplex immunofluorescence, bulk transcriptomics, functional assays, xenograft validation, and computational pathology to characterize malignant epithelial het...

Integration of single-cell transcriptomics and genomic mutation analysis identifies an immunotherapy-resistant tumor subcluster and validates ARNTL2 as a malignant driver in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a critical clinical challenge, and the mechanisms underlying resistance-ass...

From Collapse to Active Self-Repair: Integrative Multi-Omics and Machine Learning Analysis Map the Hepatic Metabolic Adaption in Response to Simulated Spaceflight Stress.

Long-term spaceflight poses substantial challenges to human physiology, with the liver being highly susceptible due to its central metabolic role. To ...

Comprehensive and reproducible grading of the Updated Sydney System in gastric biopsies using artificial intelligence: multi-pathologist validation and a reader study.

AIMS: The Updated Sydney System is the most widely used framework for histological grading of gastritis, but complete grading in routine gastric biops...

BraMARS: An Interpretable Histopathology-Driven Deep Learning Model for Brain Metastasis Risk Stratification in Surgically Resected Limited-Stage SCLC.

Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of mortality in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) reduces ...

Beyond Morphology: Reframing Lymph-Node Metastasis Prediction Through Clonal Ecology-Decades-Long Genomic Instability and Polyclonal-to-Monoclonal Transitions as the Missing Dimension in Cancer.

Recent whole-genome, lineage-tracing, single-cell, and spatial studies have reshaped our understanding of tumor evolution, revealing that cancers can ...

Machine Learning-Derived Sarcopenia Signature Identifies High-Risk Molecular State in T2D Skeletal Muscle.

Sarcopenia is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether sarcopenia-associated transcriptomic features can be detected in diabetic skeletal muscle r...

Impact of oncological biomarkers and clinical factors on survival outcomes in renal cell carcinoma with spinal metastasis: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy that metastasizes to the spine, leading to complex treatment challenges and reduced survi...

Topical exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate aggravates atopic dermatitis: an integrated network toxicology, bioinformatics, and experiment analysis.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers; however, whether cutaneous DEHP exposure affects atopic dermatitis (AD)...

Characterization of prostate MRI focal lesions by combining human reading, artificial intelligence and prostate-specific antigen density: A multi-reader study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare, across readers with varying experience, the characterisation of prostate MRI lesions as grade group...

Histological aging signatures for monitoring tissue-specific aging and disease.

Aging is the primary risk factor for chronic disease and is characterized by profound structural and architectural remodeling of human tissues. Here, ...

Research progress of confocal laser endomicroscopy in malignant respiratory diseases: A review.

The diagnosis and monitoring of malignant respiratory diseases are heavily reliant on imaging techniques and tissue biopsies. Confocal laser endomicro...

Clinical value of artificial intelligence ultrasound-assisted diagnostic system in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules: A retrospective case-control study.

Accurately distinguishing the benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) and malignant thyroid nodules (MTNs) is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. This...

The structural and dynamical stability of BeF2 at finite temperatures studied by machine learning molecular dynamics.

BeF2 is a key component of fluoride coolants in molten salt reactors. The structural phase transition between its α- and β-quartz phases at high tempe...

Identification of pear tissue mechanical parameters by integrating machine learning and optimization methods.

The mechanical properties of fruit tissue play a crucial role in various food processing activities, including sorting, packaging, and transportation....

Proximity-confined DNA walking-nanozyme cascades for multiplexed urinary extracellular vesicle phenotyping and machine learning-assisted disease stratification.

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) provide noninvasive biomarkers for liquid biopsy owing to their ability to reflect disease-associated molecular ...

Improving cellular nuclei detection in histological images by combining super-resolution techniques and deep learning-based object detectors.

Digital pathology has enabled large-scale analysis of histological images. However, accurate detection of cellular nuclei remains challenging due to v...

Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Nodules and Cancer: Clinical Validation and Real-World Performance.

Thyroid nodules are detected in a large proportion of adults undergoing high-resolution ultrasonography, yet only a minority harbor clinically signifi...

VIGIL: Vision-Language Guided Multiple Instance Learning Framework for Ulcerative Colitis Histological Healing Prediction.

OBJECTIVE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation with alternating remission-relapse cycles, necessitating precise histologi...