Pathology

Diagnostic performance of bpMRI versus mpMRI and AI-assisted bpMRI in prostate cancer detection: a multi-reader study.

PURPOSE: To compare biparametric MRI (bpMRI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted bpMRI on diagnostic performance and biopsy-related outcomes in readers with different expertise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective multi-reader study, 173 men referred for prostate mpMR...

Integrating Machine Learning and Pharmacology Reveals NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Regulation by Shuanghuanglian Injection in Acute Lung Injury.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shuanghuanglian Injection (SHLI) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation derived from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, and Forsythiae Fructus and developed based on the TCM principle of heat-clearing and detoxifying. It has been widely used for respiratory infections and inflammatory disorders, but its protective mechanisms in acute lung injury (A...

Integrating artificial intelligence and multi-omics data for precision oncology in endometrial cancer: a narrative review.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy worldwide, yet the prognosis for advanced and recurrent disease remains poor, hig...

Deciphering the Therapeutic and Preventive Potential of Dietary Tannins in Osteosarcoma: A Multi-Omics Approach Targeting TGFA and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling.

Malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS), are major non-communicable chronic diseases driven by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. While...

Deep learning of pretreatment ascites cytopathology for platinum-resistance risk stratification in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Platinum resistance is a major determinant of poor outcome in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, yet reliable predictors available before...

Tephritid26: A standardized, multi-angle image dataset of quarantine-significant true fruit flies for deep learning-based identification.

Accurate and rapid identification of quarantine-significant tephritids is critical to global agricultural biosecurity, but the application of deep lea...

Topology-decoupled end-to-end framework for brain tumor MRI detection: boundary-preserving feature flow and inter-channel correlation distillation.

Early and accurate detection of brain tumors is clinically valuable for improving prognosis and guiding treatment. Existing deep-learning methods for ...

Multi-cohort integration and machine learning identify CPVL as a novel oncogenic driver in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor. Systemat...

Biomarker-based machine learning for malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders: a scoping review.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite this known association, the transition ...

The natural isoflavone puerarin mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by directly targeting CaMKⅡδ to block DLG4-Ser654 phosphorylation.

BACKGROUND: Synaptic collapse drives severe neurological deficits following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Puerarin, a bioactive isoflavo...

Cross-scale biomimicry of resilin and resilin-like proteins: From phase separation and dityrosine photocrosslinking to tissue repair and soft robotic devices.

Resilin and resilin-like proteins (RLPs) provide a programmable platform for bioinspired soft materials that spans molecular design, condensate micros...

Advancing breast cancer diagnosis through ultrasound imaging: A cross-attention multi-scale vision transformer approach with comparative analysis against ResNet architectures.

In recent years, the field of medical imaging has witnessed substantial progress due to the integration of advanced machine learning techniques, parti...

Reactive machine-learned potentials for fluoropolymer binders: unified physical and chemical property validation.

Accurate atomistic simulation of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) initiation demands a force field that simultaneously captures mechanical deformation, ...

Deep-Learning-Enhanced Bioimaging Via Energy Traps Regulated Lanthanide Nanoparticles.

High-resolution biological imaging in deep tissues holds substantial importance for advancing precision medicine. Currently, the lanthanide-doped nano...

A smear test aiding with an automated slide reader acquires equivalent sensitivity to MGIT960 culture in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Smear microscopy remains widely used for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis due to its rapid turnaround and low cost, despite its relatively low ...

Prostatic artery embolization and imaging-based biomarkers: current tools in monitoring treatment response and emerging strategies.

Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributed to benign ...

Pathology-informed Generative Adversarial Network Augmentation Improves Classification of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors by Modeling Morphological Variability: A Pilot Investigation.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) of the head and neck (H&N) show histopathological overlap. Although convolutional neural networks (...

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Histopathologic Diagnosis and Grading of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Functional Meta-synthesis.

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for digital pathology, with potential applications in the histopathologic evalua...

NOX4 promotes cardiomyocyte ferroptosis-related injury in septic cardiomyopathy in associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired NRF2 nuclear translocation.

Septic cardiomyopathy is a common early complication of sepsis, and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we integr...

Reconfigurable ferroelectric chiral nanostructures enable fast-switchable optical spatial differentiation.

Analog spatial differentiation is an emerging computational paradigm. By virtue of high speed and low-power consumption, optical method plays an impor...