Pathology

The CT colonography radiology and data system: history, updates, and future directions.

Computed tomography colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a minimally invasive imaging technique developed in the early 1990s to evaluate the colon for polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities. Advances in multidetector computed tomography, bowel preparation protocols, and three-dimensional reconstruction rapidly improved diagnostic performance. Landmark trials demonstrating sensitivi...

Deep Learning Enhances Failure Mode Analysis in Dental Adhesion Studies.

Failure mode analysis after shear bond strength testing is essential for evaluating adhesive performance yet remains highly subjective when relying solely on optical microscopy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated failure mode classification after shear bond strength using optical microscopy images, trained on ground truth derived from focus ...

THBS1: a biomarker for PCOS and its role in pathogenesis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

This study identified thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) as a potential biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its pivotal role in disease pathogene...

Integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, machine learning, and experimental validation: puerarin improves sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via the Sirt1-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with sepsis has a high clinical mortality rate, and there is a lack of effective therapeutic targets; uncontrolle...

Advances in the application of finite element analysis in the diagnosis and treatment of cleft lip and palate and alveolar cleft.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) and alveolar cleft are common congenital craniofacial anomalies, with postoperative maxillary hypoplasia and secondary defo...

New learnings from the molecular pathology of the synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targeting toward precision medicine.

Despite the success of targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis, the lack of predictive biomarkers of response leads to an empirical treatment appro...

DGAT: a dual-graph attention network for inferring spatial protein landscapes from transcriptomics.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies provide genome-wide transcriptomic profiles in tissue context but lack direct protein-level measurements, wh...

A deterministic method for quantifying spindle-shaped cells in noisy bright-field microscopy.

Accurate quantification of spindle-shaped cells in bright-field microscopy remains challenging due to low contrast, noise, and highly variable cell mo...

Pan-cancer analysis of single-cell profiles with polygenic signals reveals genetic influences on tumor immunity across cancers.

Inherited genetic variation can weaken the ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate malignant cells, limiting the effectiveness of cancer ...

Machine learning and artificial intelligence in liquid biopsy-based early detection of pancreatic cancer: a scoping review.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents as a cancer with an especially poor prognosis, largely due to the challenges surrounding its early di...

Identifying and validating ITGB2 and HNRNPAB as diagnostic biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using bioinformatics and Integrated Machine Learning Methods.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: COPD is a common respiratory disease characterized by progressive airflow restriction that severely affects patients' quality of l...

LRF-CNN: An explainable lightweight receptive field-based CNN for colorectal cancer histopathological image classification.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and diagnosis rely on histopathological assessment, but many high-performing deep learning (DL) models remain comput...

Prognostic Significance of Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT Parameters in Combination with an Artificial Intelligence-Based Pleural Effusion Segmentation Model for Malignant Pleural Effusion.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to use an artificial intelligence (AI)-based pleural effusion segmentation model on baseline 18F-FDG positron emission tomography...

Uncovering G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Novel Targets and Biomarkers for Predicting Glioma Prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) exhibit significant heterogeneity and recurrence risk. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) contribute to glioma mal...

A hybrid deep learning framework for accurate breast cancer classification using MRI images.

Early and accurate detection of breast cancer is crucial to enhance patient results, especially in high-risk populations where magnetic resonance imag...

Deep learning based automated detection and grading of oral epithelial dysplasia: A comparative histopathological image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and comparatively evaluate multiple deep learning architectures for automated detection and grading of oral epithelial dysplasia...

Multi-dimensional analysis revealing the mechanism of T-2 toxin driving liver fibrosis: integration of network toxicology, machine learning, experimental verification, and molecular docking.

BACKGROUND: T-2 toxin is a highly toxic mycotoxin commonly present in food and the environment, with accumulating evidence supporting its hepatotoxic ...

Enhancing diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and grading: a retrospective study on AI-assisted decision making and cost analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus. While artificial intelligence (AI)-based DR screening ...

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-enabled Single Breath-hold Abbreviated MRI Protocol for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Purpose To develop a deep learning-enabled single breath-hold abbreviated MRI (DL-SBH-aMRI) protocol for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Mat...

PFAS is associated with perineural invasion in triple-negative breast cancer with a potential role for Cathepsin D dysregulation: a multi-omics and experimental study.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent pollutants linked to breast cancer (BC), but their role in perineural invasion (PNI) of trip...