Pathology

External Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence System for Ultrasound Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: A Two-Center Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic system for thyroid nodule sonography based on deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included 485 thyroid nodules with definite pathology in two tertiary hospitals. The AI diagnostic system was constructed for automatic detection and diagnosis of nodules bas...

Weight-Controllable Biobarcode Probes for Multi-input Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

DNA-based molecular classifiers have emerged as a promising strategy for precise cancer diagnosis, offering a superior alternative to invasive biopsy detection. However, current DNA-computation-dependent molecular classifiers remain limited by complex pathways and cumbersome weight assignment procedures. To address this, we developed weight-controllable biobarcode probes (WBPs) that enable program...

Counterfactual Diffusion Models Provide Interpretable Explanations of Artificial Intelligence Models in Pathology.

Deep learning can extract predictive and prognostic biomarkers from histopathology whole-slide images. However, explainable artificial intelligence ap...

Visceral adipose tissue inflammation in endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is the largest risk factor for endometrial cancer. Body Mass Index (BMI) does not fully capture obesity's metabolic and inflammato...

Integrated toxicological analysis links air pollution-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome signatures to benzo[a]pyrene-induced acute lung injury.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality, and increasing evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to it...

MRI-Based estimation of physiologically consistent head conductivity and its impact on depth-dependent electric field distributions in transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Accurate estimation of spatially heterogeneous conductivity distributions is essential for reliable electric field modeling in non-invasive brain stim...

Machine learning-assisted prediction of PANoptosis-related molecular targets and precise screening of neuroprotective drugs for spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling central nervous system disease with complex pathology, and targeted neuroprotective drugs remain clinic...

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the T lymphocyte microenvironment and identifies HOPX as a hub gene in membranous nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex deposition and progressive renal function impairment....

Clinical Validation of the MC-80 Digital Morphology Analyzer in Leukocyte Classification: A Large-Scale Comparison With Manual Microscopy.

INTRODUCTION: Although AI-powered digital morphology analyzers are widely used for leukocyte classification, their reliability in detecting clinically...

Ultrasonographic Phenotypes and Segmentation Model Comparison for Primary Breast Lesions and Axillary Lymph Nodes in Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic heterogeneity across immunohistochemistry-based FUSCC surrogate subtypes ...

Operando microscopy for neuromorphic hardware.

Microscopy techniques can uncover the physical properties and dynamic behaviours of materials, driving the discovery of emergent phenomena and guiding...

A multimodal MRI radiomics model for distinguishing borderline from malignant ovarian epithelial tumors.

BACKGROUND: To develop and validate a multimodal MRI radiomics machine learning model for differentiating borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOTs)...

Histology-guided 3D virtual staining of microCT-imaged lung tissue via deep learning.

Histologically stained tissue sections are considered the gold standard for studying microscopic anatomy and diagnosing disease in clinical practice. ...

Toxicity assessment in preclinical histopathology via class-aware Mahalanobis distance for known and novel anomalies.

Drug-induced toxicity is a leading cause of preclinical and early-clinical failure, making early detection critical. Histopathology is the gold standa...

Evaluating artificial intelligence-generated multiple-choice questions in clinical pathology.

Large language models are increasingly applied in medical education, but their role in clinical pathology remains uncertain. We conducted a prospectiv...

A semantic segmentation model to predict subcellular glycogen localization using transmission electron microscopy images.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the gold standard for assessing subcellular glycogen localization in skeletal muscle fibres, but conventiona...

TransBreast-Net: An interpretable vision transformer ensemble for breast cancer histopathology classification.

Histopathology classification of breast cancer is still a case of difficulty in sorting out the complex morphology of the tissues, low inter-class var...

Single-cell multi-omics dissection of RevitalAge Markers uncovers age-dependent immunotherapy resistance and druggable targets in melanoma.

Aging-related molecular reprogramming profoundly influences melanoma progression and therapeutic sensitivity, yet underlying mechanisms remain poorly ...

Integrative spatiotemporal transcriptomics identifies a liver metastasis-related initial cell population associated with the SEMA3A-NRP1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy in which liver metastasis represents the principal determinant of po...

Application of Hi-C sequencing to detect oncogene rearrangements for diagnosis and treatment of large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of lymphoma, arises from various pathogenic mechanisms including gene translocations and f...