Pathology

Detection of benign prostatic hyperplasia using RGB prostate images and deep learning.

This study investigates the identification of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) through a deep learning-based analysis of RGB prostate histopathological images. Adaptive Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is selectively applied to the L-channel in the LAB color space to enhance tissue visibility while preserving chromatic fidelity. At the architectural level, Convolutional N...

Disentangling amyloid polymorphs in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease using dual-probe spectral imaging.

Variability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical presentation complicates mechanistic studies and therapeutic outcome prediction. Brain protein aggregate load does not directly correlate with clinical symptoms; however, different subtypes of AD have been reported to exhibit structural variation (polymorphism) of aggregates. Little is known about the structural diversity of the deposits in cognitiv...

An Integrated Clinical-Histopathologic Prediction Model for Cardiac Allograft Rejection: Translating Machine Learning into Clinical Risk Frameworks.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft rejection (CAR) remains the leading cause of early graft failure after heart transplantation (HT). Current diagnostics, ...

Overexpression of NMNAT3 suppresses melanoma progression by reprogramming NAD⁺ metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and metastatic form of malignant skin cancer. that remains challenging to treat clinically. Tumor ...

Solution-Tunable Interfacial Interaction Landscape Governs Anomalous Nanoparticle Diffusion in Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy.

Understanding how nanoparticles move near liquid-solid interfaces is central to nanoscale transport in catalysis, biology, and soft materials. Here, w...

Imaging of Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated Overview of Current and Emerging Applications.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis. Despite rec...

AlveolEye: Rapid and precise lung morphometry guided by computer vision.

Rigorous and reproducible evaluation of lung tissue under different conditions is necessary to interpret development, injury, and pharmacologic interv...

A spatiotemporal cell theory for cooperative pattern formation in reinforcement learning-driven evolutionary games.

The emergence and stable evolution of cooperation among self-interested individuals is a central issue spanning evolutionary biology, social dynamics,...

AI assessment of surgical technical skill adaptation across depth levels in simulated tumor resection: a case series study.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical procedures involving varying tissue depths present challenges to surgeons regarding accessibility and precision, restricting instr...

Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Endoscopy on Screening for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Large-Scale Health Screening Facility.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscopy has been developed for the early detection of upper gastrointestinal cancer; however, its ...

A machine learning framework combining cfDNA fragmentomics and serum biomarkers for early ovarian cancer detection.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, largely due to the lack of effective strategies for early det...

Two-staged CT-based radiomics model in characterising early-stage ovarian carcinoma and benign ovarian masses.

BACKGROUND: Characterisation of CT detected ovarian masses is challenging with overlapping imaging features, unreliable biomarker or clinical presenta...

Advances in Avian Diagnostic Pathology: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Directions: A Review.

Avian pathology is the scientific study of diseases in birds, focusing on the structural, functional and molecular changes in tissues and organs cause...

Identification of Hepatic Fibrosis and Steatosis via A Point-of-Care Transient Elastography System With Integrated AI.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transient elastography (TE) is routinely undertaken for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis, but is limited by ...

Phase and absorbance retrieval in X-ray holographic microscopy under weak illumination using physics-driven neural networks.

X-ray holographic microscopy is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique for nanoscale-resolution imaging of morphological features and phase contra...

HISTAI: a valuable dataset with a valuable lesson.

The application of artificial intelligence in computational pathology depends on both robust algorithms and high-quality, clinically reliable data. Pr...

Investigation of the Accuracy and Contributing Factors of AI-Based Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma in Canine Abdominal Radiography.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a highly malignant urinary cancer of the transitional epithelium in dogs. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI)...

Deep Learning Model Based on Tumor and Visceral Adipose Tissue CT Features for Predicting Peritoneal Metastasis Risk after Radical Gastrectomy in Serosa-Invasive Gastric Cancer.

Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning model integrating tumor and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) CT scan features with clinical indicators to...

Classifying Kidney Tumor via Adaptive SE-ResNeXt With Mutli-Novel Loss Function and Renal Mass Segmentation Using Pyramidal Attention-Based R2Unet++ Model.

Kidney tumors are one of the prevalent types of tumor globally and it has become a significant health concern. It is the most frequent type of urologi...

SORBS2: A Molecular Nexus in Multisystem Diseases Through Scaffold-Mediated Regulation.

Sorbin and SH3 Domain Containing 2 (SORBS2), a multifunctional scaffold protein harbouring Sorbin homology (SoHo) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, se...