Pathology

Multiclass Classification of Renal Tumor Subtypes: Addressing Diagnostic Challenges Using a Texture-Informed Deep Hybrid CNN-Transformer.

Accurate histopathological classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), along with its distinction from benign mimickers, is essential for precision oncology and optimal patient management. The morphological complexity and subtle differences among RCC tumors pose significant diagnostic challenges, often resulting in notable inter-observer variability. This paper presents a novel texture-informed ...

Sharing a whole-/total-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT dataset with CT-derived segmentations: an ENHANCE.PET initiative.

We present a large whole-body and total-body curated dataset of dual-modality 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) studies, consisting of 1,683 PET/CT images and the corresponding CT-derived segmentations of 130 target regions. This multi-center dataset includes images from individuals without overt disease and patients with a range of mal...

Deep learning magnetic resonance imaging algorithm for differentiating metastatic vertebral fractures.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Distinguishing malignant metastatic lesions from benign osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) is a major diagnostic ...

Clinicopathological and Imaging Distinction Between Ocular Adnexal MALT Lymphoma and IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease.

PURPOSE: To characterize clinicopathologic and imaging differences between ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) and IgG4-r...

Integrating Radiomics and Computational Pathology to Predict Early Recurrence of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Uncover Its Biological Basis in Tumor Microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of early recurrence (ER) after radical resection remains a critical challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA...

Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Right Lateral Approach to the Superior Mesenteric Artery: Surgical Artificial Intelligence-Based Visualization for Standardized Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy enables precise vascular dissection, but dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) remains techni...

Soft multiclass feature augmented deep learning to predict tumor origins using cytology or histology whole slide images.

Tailoring cancer treatment to the primary tumor site is essential for optimal outcomes, yet identifying the source of metastasis remains a significant...

Colorectal liver metastases: imaging strategies for diagnosis, local treatment planning and systemic treatment response.

Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality, with imaging playing a critical role in diagnosis, treatment plan...

Molecular polarizability as the universal driver of HPAH fate: Evidence from DFT-validated machine learning.

A DFT-explainable machine-learning (DFT-XML) strategy integrated with an active learning mechanism was proposed and validated to connect quantum-level...

Bone Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Conventional Methods to AI-Driven Solutions.

With global population aging and increased life expectancy, bone diseases affect a substantial proportion of individuals worldwide, imposing a signifi...

Deep learning-driven quantitative spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging for segmentation and oxygen saturation estimation.

Spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging can potentially estimate blood oxygenation saturation (sO2) in vivo noninvasively. However, quantitatively a...

Wooden-Tip Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined With Machine Learning for Differentiating Thyroid Tumours.

Direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of human tissues at the molecular level has great potential for clinical diagnosis and biomarker discovery. How...

Accurate diagnosis of non-small cell and small cell lung cancer by using machine learning models trained with physical science features extracted from pathological images.

BACKGROUND: Accurate differentiation between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial for optimising treatment ...

Hybrid physics-machine learning models for quantitative electron diffraction refinements.

High accuracy electron microscopy simulations required for quantitative crystal structure refinements face a fundamental challenge: while physical int...

Pathology-Anchored Transcranial Sonography: A Cascaded Super-Resolution Deep Learning System for Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease Grading.

Delayed diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) due to undetectable early pathological changes remains a major clinical challenge limiting effective tre...

Computed tomography in ARDS, from morphological insights to AI-powered multi-modal analysis: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical clinical condition characterized by acute respiratory failure and high mortality....

Integrated machine learning and experimental validation reveal S6K2 as a key target of 6PPD-quinone in bladder cancer.

Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP) are pervasive environmental contaminants, yet the molecular mechanisms linking their toxic derivative, 6PPD-quinon...

AI-driven fungicide design: From target identification to field application.

Plant pathogenic fungi severely threaten global agriculture, causing substantial yield losses in staple crops and endangering food safety through myco...

Regulatory B cells and SIVA1-LAG3 immune suppression predict poor prognosis in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most prevalent malignancies affecting men globally. The immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenviron...

Challenges and Controversies in the Diagnosis and Management of Thymic Epithelial Tumors from the Thymic Tumor Subcommittee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Rare Tumors Committee.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), comprising thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms, are rare prevascular (anterior) mediasti...