Patient safety / Risk Management

The engagement-validation loop: Sycophancy, anthropomorphic projection, and clinical risk in informal AI-based mental health support.

Approximately one billion people worldwide live with a mental disorder, yet access to minimally adequate treatment remains low. Against this backdrop, general-purpose generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems have rapidly expanded into informal mental health support. OpenAI disclosed that roughly 1.2 million ChatGPT users weekly display indicators of suicidal planning or intent, and meta-...

Low Rates of Fibrosis in Eyes Treated with the Port Delivery Platform with Ranibizumab or with Monthly Ranibizumab in the Archway Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the proportion of eyes with fibrosis in the Archway neovascular age-related macular degeneration trial, which compared efficacy and safety between monthly injections of ranibizumab with treatment via the Port Delivery Platform with ranibizumab (PDS), an intraocular implant providing continuous release of ranibizumab into the vitreous, in eyes that had previously demonstrated a...

AI-Based Post-processing for Artefact Mitigation in Radiography: A Systematic Review.

Projectional radiography is vulnerable to artefacts that can impair image quality and obscure or mimic pathology, confounding image interpretation. Th...

From stigma to comfort: examining stress and disclosure pathways in gay men's interactions with AI chatbots.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used to provide mental health support, but their effectiveness depends on users' willingness to...

History and the Current Generative AI Policies and the Case for a Universal Disclosure Log.

The rapid pace of AI progress outstrips our ability to regulate it effectively. Despite a trend toward disclosure and transparency in most journals, t...

In Defense of AI as an 'Author' Ethical Implications for Scientific Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and Publishing Policies.

BACKGROUND: The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into scientific writing has ignited intense debate across biomedical publ...

Mitigating hallucinations in healthcare AI: a systematic review of evidence-based strategies.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into healthcare applications, but their tendency to generate hallucinations-factu...

Recommendations for disclosure of artificial intelligence in scientific writing and publishing: a regional anesthesia and pain medicine modified Delphi study.

INTRODUCTION: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the scientific process is advancing at a remarkable speed, thanks to continued innovations in...

Artificial Intelligence in Laparoscopic Skill Assessment: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe and synthesize the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence (AI) ...

Deep Learning-Derived Retinal Age Detects Cognitive Impairment.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between deep learning-derived retinal age and cognitive function and to evaluate whether retinal age outperfor...

Development of research ethics guidelines for healthcare generative artificial intelligence: deriving expert consensus through a Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: While generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly proliferating in healthcare research and clinical settings, there is a lack of ac...

Artificial Intelligence Policies in Human Anatomy Journals: A Comparative Analysis and Recommendations.

Professional organizations in human anatomy have not yet issued guidance on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in scholarship, leaving decisions ...

Linguistic shifts in dental scientific writing in the large language model era.

BACKGROUND: The integrity of scientific literature depends on transparent authorship and authentic communication of research findings. The release of ...

Making Machine Learning Clinically Useful in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: A Roadmap for Diagnostic Translation.

Artificial intelligence (AI), most often in the form of machine learning (ML), attracts high expectations across medicine and is often discussed as a ...

Age- and Myopia-Related 3-Dimensional Remodeling of Choroidal Thickness in Children.

PURPOSE: To investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) topographic remodeling patterns of choroidal thickness (ChT) in the macular region in children, and the...

Large Language Model Authorship in Ophthalmic Publications.

PURPOSE: To assess for the likely presence of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated text in the published ophthalmology literature. METHODS: Abstract...

Suicidal Ideation in Online Spaces Through the Lens of Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: Exploratory Study of Self-Disclosure, Peer Support, and AI Responses.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a critical global public health issue, with millions experiencing suicidal ideation (SI) each year. Global estimates suggest th...

Editorial policies for ethical use of artificial intelligence in rheumatology journals.

BACKGROUND: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into research and publishing poses ethical challenges. Global editorial associations, incl...

Early Prediction of Diabetic Macular Edema via Machine Learning Survival Analysis on Checkup Data.

PURPOSE: To predict the risk of diabetic macular edema (DME) onset and to identify features of the risk subgroups. DESIGN: Population-based observatio...

Comparative analysis of generative pre-trained transformers for text- and image-based cephalometric prompts using a novel Artificial Intelligence Based Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Index (AIDTI).

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the response capabilities of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) for identical lateral cepha...