Pediatrics

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Attitudes Toward the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Care Scale.

Background and Purpose: The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence in health care is reshaping clinical workflows and decision-making, making it important to understand how future nurses perceive its use in nursing care. However, there is limited availability of nursing-focused instruments that specifically measure students' attitudes toward the use of artificial intelligence in the nursing ca...

Determinants of modern family planning use among married adolescents in Bangladesh: evidence from a machine learning approach.

BACKGROUND: Modern family planning (FP) is essential for improving the reproductive health of adolescent women, especially in Bangladesh, where early marriage is still prevalent. Despite overall progress in family planning, modern FP use remains uneven and relatively low among married adolescent women due to social, relational, and contextual barriers. Conventional statistical approaches might not...

Neurophysiological EEG Characterization of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using DWT-Based Frequency Analysis With Selective Electrodes and Brain Segmentation: An Explainable AI-Driven Approach.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis benefits from the technical analysis of neural oscillations. The objective identification of Autism Spectrum ...

Real-world clinical validation of brainstem-based ocular biomarkers for ADHD classification in children and adults.

Current ADHD diagnostic practices rely on subjective rating scales and continuous performance tests with limited specificity. We propose an objective ...

An explainable artificial intelligence framework for clinical decision support in stroke discharge planning.

BACKGROUND: Stroke, a leading cause of global mortality and disability, requires accurate prediction of discharge outcomes to support early care plann...

A framework for assessing algorithmic discrimination risks in training data: a case of pediatric type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a generalizable framework for identifying algorithmic discrimination risks arising from subgroup imbalances in machine learning...

Artificial Intelligence in Neonatal Care: The Breadth of Promise, the Depth of Challenge-An Overview.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an integral tool in clinical care. The recent position statement by the Royal Australasian College of Physici...

Gut microbiome in pediatric acute pancreatitis and Crohn's disease versus irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls.

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP), Crohn's disease (CD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are associated with gut dysbiosis, but differe...

Machine Learning-Based Identification of Craniosynostosis From Nonsynostotic Cranial Deformities.

ObjectiveCraniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, affects 5.2 cases per 10,000 live births and can result in impaired neurodevelopme...

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled First-in-Human Trial of a First-in-Class AI-Designed Monoclonal Antibody (GB-0669) Against the Conserved SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Stem Helix.

BACKGROUND: Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain provided effective COVID-19 treatment until resistant variants emerged. GB...

Deep learning for developmental dysplasia of the hip: comparative classification strategies for ultrasound imaging with heterogeneous image quality.

Computer-assisted diagnostic tools may help improve the consistency and reliability of ultrasonographic screening for developmental dysplasia of the h...

Factors Shaping Trust and Satisfaction With AI Medical Chatbots: A Mixed Methods Vignette Survey of Caregivers Seeking Guidance on Pediatric Infectious Diseases.

BACKGROUND: As artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots become an increasingly common source of quick medical guidance, it is important to understand whe...

Patient- and Caregiver-Informed Considerations for the Design and Implementation of Generative AI-Supported Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to impact health care by transforming workflows and improving outcomes. Patient-...

Frontline Health Workers' Perspectives of the World Health Organization Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases App in Kenya: Qualitative Study on AI-Embedded mHealth Implementation.

BACKGROUND: Skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) pose significant diagnostic and management challenges in resource-limited settings due to constrai...

Nonverbal AI-Based Communication Robot for Staff in Disaster-Affected Care Facilities: Exploratory ABAB Intervention Study.

BACKGROUND: Medical and welfare facilities in the Noto region of Japan were severely affected by the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake and subsequent tor...

Ambient AI scribe in pediatric outpatient visits: documentation burden, quality, and scale-up limits.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) medical scribes are an emerging technology intended to reduce the documentation burden. In pediatrics, evid...

How Correct is AI for Infant Safe Sleep Advice? Evaluating Accuracy of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude Against AAP Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: Since the 1994 "Back to Sleep" campaign, pediatricians have promoted evidence-based infant safe sleep practices to reduce sleep-related inf...

Predicting comorbid anxiety in adolescents with major depressive disorder: an EEG-based machine learning approach with SHAP interpretability.

Comorbid anxiety in adolescents with major depressive disorder (adMDD) is linked to higher suicide risk and poorer prognosis, necessitating precise sc...

Safety boundary maintenance in consumer AI systems responding to pediatric health queries: a cross-platform benchmark evaluation under naturalistic and adversarially pressured conditions.

Consumer artificial intelligence chatbots are now accessed by hundreds of millions of users seeking health information, yet systematic evaluation of t...

Assessing infants' sleep in the home setting: designing rational study approaches.

The methods used for assessing infants' sleep vary widely, and the insights provided by each method are not necessarily interchangeable. Direct physio...