Pediatrics

A population-based retrospective machine learning study of COVID-19 severity using integrated clinical and viral genomic data in Jiangsu Province, China.

BACKGROUND: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has transitioned into an endemic phase characterized by sustained transmission and widespread hybrid immunity, understanding region-specific determinants of severe disease remains important for real-world risk stratification and public health planning. METHODS: A retrospective surveillance study was conducted using 5,072 severe acute respiratory s...

Hierarchical multi-instance learning for targeted triage and classification of common left-to-right shunt lesions from echocardiography videos.

BACKGROUND: Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line test for congenital heart disease (CHD), but accurate targeted triage and lesion subtyping require expertise and synthesis across multiple heterogeneous cine clips. We developed a video-based deep learning approach for examination-level targeted triage and subtype classification of common left-to-right shunt lesions. METHODS: We retrospe...

Analysis of electrohysterogram signals for predicting obstetric outcome using machine learning methods: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: Efficiently detecting obstetric outcomes, such as preterm birth or mode of delivery, is crucial for enhancing mother and newborn health. Proa...

AI-driven neoantigen identification: a comprehensive review from somatic variant calling to T cell recognition.

BACKGROUND: Neoantigens-tumor-specific peptides generated by somatic mutations-are central targets of effective anticancer T cell immunity and underpi...

Microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder: integrating brain structure, function, and transcriptomics.

Growing evidence indicates that disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a key factor in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting neurode...

Debate: Conversational AI and young people's mental health - friend or foe? - more than a 'good or bad' story: a self-determination theory approach to conversational AI and adolescent well-being.

The rapid adoption of conversational AI among adolescents has sparked growing debate about its implications for development and well-being. This artic...

Deep learning for contrast-enhanced MRI in pediatric brain imaging.

PURPOSE: A deep learning algorithm for contrast amplification in brain MRI, trained exclusively on adult data, was tested for cross-population general...

AI integration in pediatric radiology: perspectives from international academic leaders.

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into radiology, but pediatric imaging remains underrepresented in implementation st...

Retrospective Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Video Laryngoscope System for Tracheal Intubation in Infants and Neonates.

Genomic insights into antimicrobial resistance and isolation source classification of Cronobacter sakazakii from infant and toddler food in the United States.

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen associated with severe infections in infants, linked to powdered infant formula (PIF) and...

Pediatric precision sleep network: a study protocol for identifying sleep signatures of mental health risk in peri-adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Peri-adolescence (ages 10-13) is a sensitive-and clinically critical-developmental window for the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, yet s...

Psychological Impacts of Instagram Use: The Interplay of Social Comparison, Self-Esteem, and Anxiety.

Excessive Instagram use has been linked to negative effects on psychological well-being, particularly through Social Comparison, Self-Esteem, and Anxi...

Integrating Participatory Social Innovation Into Requirements Engineering for AI Health Care Solutions: Case Study.

BACKGROUND: The successful design and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions in health care requires early and continuous mul...

Neuroimaging-derived biotypes of self-reported insomnia symptoms are differentially associated with affective symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are among the most prevalent health complaints during adolescence and show a reciprocal relationship with the development o...

Comparative Effectiveness of AI-Assisted Telerehabilitation, Telerehabilitation, In-Person Care, and Usual Care for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Guided exercise is central to rehabilitation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. Telerehabilitation enables remote delivery of guided e...

Machine Learning Prediction of Pediatric In-Hospital Survival Before Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation.

Identifying suitable candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is still challenging. Our aim is to leverage machine learning (ML) to p...

Debate: Conversational AI and young people's mental health-friend or foe? A case for designing conversational AI as a bridge to youth mental health support.

Conversational AI is now deeply embedded in adolescents' mental health help-seeking and emotional lives, creating both risks and a rare population hea...

Shiyiwei Shenqi Pian-derived quercetin reactivates apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by destabilizing survivin and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein.

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) strongly resists apoptosis via baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) and ...

Low-Field Neuroimaging: Opportunities and Limitations.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low magnetic field strengths (under 1 T) has seen renewed interest, driven by technological advances that enhance ...

Awareness, Educational Needs, and Curriculum Preferences Regarding AI and Medical Big Data Education Among Clinical Medicine Undergraduates: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and medical big data into health care is transforming diagnosis, treatment planning,...