Pediatrics

TissUnet: Improved Extracranial Tissue and Cranium Segmentation for Children through Adulthood

Extracranial tissues visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may hold significant value for characterizing health conditions and clinical decision-making, yet they are rarely quantified. Current tools have not been widely validated, particularly in settings of developing brains or underlying pathology. We present TissUnet, a deep learning model that segments skull bone, subcutaneous fa...

ReXVQA: A Large-scale Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Generalist Chest X-ray Understanding

We present ReXVQA, the largest and most comprehensive benchmark for visual question answering (VQA) in chest radiology, comprising approximately 696,000 questions paired with 160,000 chest X-rays studies across training, validation, and test sets. Unlike prior efforts that rely heavily on template based queries, ReXVQA introduces a diverse and clinically authentic task suite reflecting five core...

Performance of leading large language models in May 2025 in Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners-style examination questions: a cross-sectional analysis

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential to support clinical practice. Other than Chat GPT4 and its predeces...

DeepSeek in Healthcare: A Survey of Capabilities, Risks, and Clinical Applications of Open-Source Large Language Models

DeepSeek-R1 is a cutting-edge open-source large language model (LLM) developed by DeepSeek, showcasing advanced reasoning capabilities through a hyb...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and The Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (JPAG).

Highlights 2024.

publishes research, technical developments, and reviews related to cardiac, vascular, and thoracic imaging. The current review article, led by the t...

molecular investigation of microalgae cellulose synthase under salinity conditions and evaluation of the proportionate effects on cellulose production.

UNLABELLED: is a microalgae with more than substantially 60-70% cellulose in its cell wall, making it a potential candidate for nanocellulose sustain...

Machine learning-assisted classification of hip conditions in pediatric cerebral palsy patients using migration percentage measurements.

Hip displacement is a significant concern in children with cerebral palsy (CP), necessitating accurate and timely assessment to prevent long-term comp...

An approach to screen susceptible rats and efficacy of an antidepressive treatment after chronic stress.

Chronic stress during life has been considered a risk factor for the development of psychiatric illness in humans. Chronic unpredictable stress batter...

Glycosyltransferases in human milk oligosaccharide synthesis: structural mechanisms and rational design.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a pivotal role in infant health through their multifunctional bioactive properties. Recent advances in synthet...

Use of an Untrained Large Language Model for Antibiotic Prescription in Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Primary Care Settings: A Study From the Italian Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases.

The development of artificial intelligence systems is revolutionizing many fields of medicine, but specific studies are still missing in pediatrics. I...

Healthcare resource utilization for the management of neonatal head shape deformities: a propensity-matched analysis of AI-assisted and conventional approaches.

OBJECTIVE: Overuse of radiography studies and underuse of conservative therapies for cranial deformities in neonates is a known inefficiency in pediat...

Deep learning-driven imaging of cell division and cell growth across an entire eukaryotic life cycle.

The life cycle of eukaryotic microorganisms involves complex transitions between states such as dormancy, mating, meiosis, and cell division, which ar...

Generating Synthetic T2*-Weighted Gradient Echo Images of the Knee with an Open-source Deep Learning Model.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Routine knee MRI protocols for 1.5 T and 3 T scanners, do not include T2*-w gradient echo (T2*W) images, which are useful in...

Deep-learning-assisted medium optimization improves hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus.

To improve the efficiency of hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus, the growth medium was optimized with a pipeline involving a de...

Wrist and elbow fracture detection and segmentation by artificial intelligence using point-of-care ultrasound.

PURPOSE: Distal radius (wrist) and supracondylar (elbow) fractures are common in children presenting to Pediatric Emergency Departments (EDs). These f...

Pediatric chest X-ray diagnosis using neuromorphic models.

This research presents an innovative neuromorphic method utilizing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to analyze pediatric chest X-rays (PediCXR) to ident...

Machine Learning for Predicting Waitlist Mortality in Pediatric Heart Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Waitlist mortality remains a critical issue for pediatric heart transplant (HTx) candidates, particularly for candidates with congenital h...

CellOMaps: A compact representation for robust classification of lung adenocarcinoma growth patterns.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a morphologically heterogeneous disease, characterized by five primary histological growth patterns. The classification ...

The need for research on AI-driven social media and adolescent mental health.

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in social media platforms has transformed digital interactions, particularly among adolesce...