Pediatrics

Characteristics of Human-Like Virtual Profiles in Relation to Audience Reach and Engagement on Instagram: Secondary Data Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prior research on human-like virtual profiles (VPs)-computer-generated imagery (CGI; displaying legible artificiality) or artificial intelligence (AI)-generated personas on social media-is often based on small samples and limited data. Furthermore, prior studies group highly photorealistic virtual influencers with abstract virtual characters, complicating comparisons. Recent generative...

AI-Assisted Video Monitoring for Tracheostomy-Dependent Infants: A Proof-Of-Concept Study.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate Eyes-On, a patient-personalized AI-assisted video analysis system for frame-level detection of tracheostomy tube status and visual distress in tracheostomy-dependent infants. METHODS: In an IRB-approved study, 25 tracheostomy-dependent infants aged ≤ 2 years underwent video recording during routine tracheostomy care and tube changes. Data were partitioned at ...

An interpretable machine learning model for preoperative risk stratification in paediatric congenital heart disease surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD), one of the most common birth defects, poses challenges to preoperative risk stratification due to its anat...

Large Language Models Exhibit High Performance as Computable Phenotypes for Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation Detection in a Retrospective, Observational Study of Emergency Medical Services Encounters.

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric asthma exacerbations are a common emergent condition treated by prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). However, retrospec...

Early Immunological Biomarkers for Personalized Treatment Selection in Severe COVID-19: Post Hoc Machine Learning Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 is a global health concern despite continuous vaccination campaigns because current therapies, such as dexamethasone and r...

Intracellular acidification by microbiota-derived valeric acid facilitates trans-kingdom ecology limiting Candida parapsilosis colonization.

In hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients, intestinal Candida parapsilosis expansion and translocation can cause life-threatening candidemia, ye...

Measuring human capital with social media data and machine learning.

Timely data on educational attainment at granular geographic levels remains scarce in many countries, limiting evidence-based policy-making. Recent ad...

Machine learning (ML) in intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM): proof of concept.

PURPOSE: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) improves safety during pediatric spinal deformity surgery by providing real-time neurophysiological ass...

Label-free interferometry platform for drug response profiling of bioprinted tumor organoids at single-organoid resolution.

Organoids have become mainstay tools for drug discovery and personalized medicine. High-throughput imaging readouts for drug screening of tumor organo...

Artificial intelligence in pediatric pain: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pain is a challenging, multifaceted symptom reported by most pediatric patients. This systematic review aims to explore the progress and e...

Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report.

BACKGROUND: This case describes a substance-induced manic episode with psychotic features in which interaction with an AI (artificial intelligence) ch...

Performance and safety of a fine-tuned small language model for pediatric emergency triage: A benchmark study.

Pediatric emergency triage is a safety-critical task, and recent studies have explored whether artificial intelligence, including language models, can...

Deep learning-based arterial waveform analysis for predicting postoperative cerebrovascular events in pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cerebrovascular events, including transient ischemic attacks, infarctions, and hemorrhages, remain a significant concern in ...

Artificial intelligence for right ventricular assessment: current evidence and future directions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Right ventricular size and function are vital to risk stratification in pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital he...

Pediatric and adolescent nutritional and metabolic assessment in the precision era.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent methodological and technological advances in assessing nutritional and metabolic status among pediatric and ado...

Narrative Review on History of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training in Critical Care.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) has evolved from bulky radiology-based machines to a core bedside tool in critical care. Traini...

Age- and Myopia-Related 3-Dimensional Remodeling of Choroidal Thickness in Children.

PURPOSE: To investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) topographic remodeling patterns of choroidal thickness (ChT) in the macular region in children, and the...

Assessing pediatricians' readiness for artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study in Istanbul, Türki̇ye.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare, including pediatrics, offering new opportunities for diagnosis, m...

Accurate prediction of mortality in children with sepsis: development and validation of an explainable model based on real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis remains the leading cause of in-hospital deaths among children, and there is currently a lack of precise early prediction models. T...

Artificial intelligence for predicting the pubertal growth spurt using cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The optimal timing of dentofacial orthopedic and growth-modifying orthodontic interventions depends on accurate assessment of skeletal m...