Pediatrics

Predicting vesicoureteral reflux outcomes using artificial intelligence: A critical appraisal using APPRAISE-AI.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital urinary tract anomaly in children, associated with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and long-term sequelae such as renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently emerged as a promising approach for improving VUR diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment stratification. This narrative review identified studi...

Development of retrieval-augmented generation-based large language model for drug-induced liver injury using Livertox data.

BACKGROUND: Idiosyncratic DILI is a complex clinical challenge requiring timely and accurate decision support. LiverTox, curated by the National Institute of Health (NIH), offers a comprehensive DILI evidence base, but its encyclopedia-like format hinders point-of-care use. Health care providers increasingly use general large language models (LLMs) for clinical care, raising safety concerns due to...

Crucial Conversations: Psychiatric Diagnosis and Shared Decision-Making With Adolescents in the Age of Social Media and Artificial Intelligence.

Retinal Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Review Focused on CHD AHD Valvular Disorders and Cardiomyopathies.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with congenital heart disease (CHD), acquired heart disease...

Interacting short-term regulatory mechanisms enable the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a complex sequence of physical, electrochemical, biochemical, and physiological processes that convert light energy and carbon dioxi...

Equitable speech technologies for older adults: a call to prioritize low resource languages.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in speech technologies, hold significant potential for improving the health and well-bein...

Machine Learning Tools for Predicting Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-producing Bacteria.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing bacteria is increasi...

Early Maturation of Heart Rate Variability in Very Preterm Infants Depends on Neonatal Factors and Is Associated With Neurodevelopmental Risk.

AIM: This study investigated central autonomic network maturation deviations using a previously defined machine learning model set to estimate a funct...

Mediated Electrochemical Probing and Machine Learning for Cysteine and Reduced Monoclonal Antibody Quantification.

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires robust analytics and process controls throughout production to insure high yield of quality products. New met...

Global research trends in robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a multidimensional analysis from 2000 to 2025.

OBJECTIVE: Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) has transformed thoracic surgery, yet fragmented research patterns obscure critical developme...

Clinical Applications of Data Science and Machine Learning in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

To synthesize and critically appraise applications of machine learning (ML) in pediatric cardiac intensive care, focusing on algorithm performance, va...

AI-Enhanced Continuing Professional Development as an Evolving Sociotechnical System: Multimethod Theoretical Framework Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing continuing professional development (CPD) in health care and its interactions with the broader he...

A Multimodal Dataset for Neurophysiological and AI Applications.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivit...

The dynamics of hepatitis B virus transmission using a stochastic differential model and feed forward neural network approach.

Hepatitis B transmission is influenced by environmental variability, immune response and vaccination, making its spread inherently stochastic, while t...

[Cardiology : what's new in 2025].

In 2025, significant progress has been made in the management of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases, driven by the emergence of new treatments ...

Bridging the Gap: A Scoping Review of Clinical Decision Support Systems in End-of-Life Care for Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Clinical decision support (CDS) systems have been widely adopted in health care to enhance decision making, but opportunities to refine th...

Artificial Intelligence Integration in Pediatric Nursing Education: Challenges and Strategies for India's Health Care Future.

A Large Language Model Approach to Functional Status Scale Assessment.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a fine-tuned version of the generative pretrained transformer (GPT)-4o artificial intelligence (AI) model able to estimate Func...

Primary infliximab failure in pediatric colonic inflammatory bowel disease: Development of a proteomics predictive model using a prospective Canadian cohort.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to build a serum proteomics-based model to predict primary nonresponse (PNR) to infliximab (IFX) in pediatric colonic inflammator...

Large Language Models for Health Care Text Classification: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed approaches to natural language processing tasks across diverse domains. In hea...