Pediatrics

Evaluating Dynamic Smile Outcomes of Free Gracilis Muscle Transfer in Pediatric Facial Palsy Using Image-Based Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Facial nerve palsy in children leads to significant functional impairment and facial asymmetry. While free gracilis muscle transfer (FGMT) is a cornerstone technique for smile reanimation in both pediatric and adult patients, its evaluation has mainly focused on the single metric of commissure excursion. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of FGMT in restoring dynamic smiles...

Artificial intelligence in pediatric ophthalmology: a comparative study of ChatGPT-4.0 and DeepSeek-R1 performance.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the accuracy and performance of two large language models (LLMs), ChatGPT-4.0 and DeepSeek-R1, in answering pediatric ophthalmology-related questions. Methods: A total of 44 multiple-choice questions were selected, covering various subspecialties of pediatric ophthalmology. Both LLMs were tasked with answering these questions, and their responses ...

Beyond Adverse Childhood Experiences: What Should be Considered for Trauma-Focused Adolescent Mental Health Risk Assessments?

To align with emerging policies for adolescents, feasible, accurate, and equitable trauma-focused assessment protocols need to be developed. To date, ...

Predicting the First Onset of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Adolescents Using Multimodal Risk Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among youth worldwide, yet existing studies that aimed to predict the first onset of suicidal...

Crafting an innovative one health-aligned machine learning framework for neglected tropical diseases elimination.

INTRODUCTION: Strategic investment in new interventions is crucial for controlling and eliminating NTDs. However, selecting the optimal intervention c...

Implementing artificial intelligence in pediatric dermatology: Balancing innovation and privacy when consent is revoked.

Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women using machine learning.

PURPOSE: Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a significant global health concern, contributing to adverse outcomes for both pregnant women and newborn...

Accelerated brain magnetic resonance imaging with deep learning reconstruction: a comparative study on image quality in pediatric neuroimaging.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in pediatric radiology; however, the prolonged scan time is a major drawback that often requir...

AI-driven robotic surgery in oncology: advancing precision, personalization, and patient outcomes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with robotic systems is transforming oncologic surgery by significantly improving precision, safety, and perso...

Artificial Intelligence Performance in Pediatric Asthma.

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. With...

A novel artificial Intelligence-Based model for automated Lenke classification in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PURPOSE: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven model for automatic Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and asses...

Dental age estimation by comparing Demirjian's method and machine learning in Southeast Brazilian youth.

This study evaluated the applicability of combining Demirjian's method with machine learning algorithms to estimate the chronological age of children ...

Short-horizon neonatal seizure prediction using EEG-based deep learning.

Strategies to predict neonatal seizure risk have typically focused on long-term static predictions with prediction horizons spanning days during the a...

Modelling key ecological factors influencing the distribution and content of silymarin antioxidant in Silybum marianum L.

The increasing demand for natural medicine has increased the significance of Silybum marianum as a valuable medicinal plant. It is used to restore liv...

Conversational Systems for Social Care in Older Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Social care systems worldwide face increasing demographic and financial pressures. This necessitates exploring innovative technological so...

Genome sequencing is critical for forecasting outcomes following congenital cardiac surgery.

While exome and whole genome sequencing have transformed medicine by elucidating the genetic underpinnings of both rare and common complex disorders, ...

PediMS: A Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation Dataset.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the central nervous system and is predominantly diagnosed in adults, ma...

Quo vadis neonatologia? Where is neonatology heading in the 21st century?

INTRODUCTION: This comprehensive narrative review examines current paradigms, emerging trends, and future directions in neonatology through systematic...

Association Between COVID-19 During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth by Trimester of Infection: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Large-Scale Social Media Data.

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth, defined as birth at <37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of neonatal death globally and the second leading cause of...

Inhibiting heme piracy by pathogenic Escherichia coli using de novo-designed proteins.

Iron is an essential nutrient for most bacteria and is often growth-limiting during infection, due to the host sequestering free iron as part of the i...