Primary Care

Preventive Care

Latest AI and machine learning research in preventive care for healthcare professionals.

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Electrocardiogram-based deep learning enables scalable screening of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR -CM) is a treatable but underrecognized cause of heart failure, with diagnosis often delayed until advanced disease manifests. This gap is amplified in underserved populations at increased risk for ATTR -CM where access to specialist evaluation and advanced cardiac imaging is limited. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are ubiquitous and often obtained years befor...

DepthPilot: From Controllability to Interpretability in Colonoscopy Video Generation

Controllable medical video generation has achieved remarkable progress, but it still lacks interpretability, which requires the alignment of generated contents with physical priors and faithful clinical manifestations. To push the boundaries from mere controllability to interpretability, we propose DepthPilot, the first interpretable framework for colonoscopy video generation. This work takes a st...

Apr 29 2026 2604.26232v1
Development and validation of a lesion-supervised deep learning system for diabetic retinopathy grading according to UK national screening criteria

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults worldwide, yet screening coverage remains...

Opportunistic Bone-Loss Screening from Routine Knee Radiographs Using a Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework with Sensitivity-Constrained Threshold Optimization

Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are often undiagnosed until fragility fractures occur. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference...

Apr 22 2026 2604.20268v1
SCOPE: Integrating Organoid Screening and Clinical Variables Through Machine Learning for Cancer Trial Outcome Prediction

BackgroundPredicting whether a treatment will demonstrate meaningful clinical benefit before committing to a large-scale trial remains a major unmet n...

ASGNet: Adaptive Spectrum Guidance Network for Automatic Polyp Segmentation

Early identification and removal of polyps can reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, the diverse morphologies, complex backgrounds...

Apr 16 2026 2604.14755v1
PBE-UNet: A light weight Progressive Boundary-Enhanced U-Net with Scale-Aware Aggregation for Ultrasound Image Segmentation

Accurate lesion segmentation in ultrasound images is essential for preventive screening and clinical diagnosis, yet remains challenging due to low con...

Apr 15 2026 2604.13791v1
Fundus Image-based Glaucoma Screening via Retinal Knowledge-Oriented Dynamic Multi-Level Feature Integration

Automated diagnosis based on color fundus photography is essential for large-scale glaucoma screening. However, existing deep learning models are typi...

Apr 14 2026 2604.12351v1
LoGo-MR: Screening Breast MRI for Cancer Risk Prediction by Efficient Omni-Slice Modeling

Efficient and explainable breast cancer (BC) risk prediction is critical for large-scale population-based screening. Breast MRI provides functional in...

Apr 13 2026 2604.11348v1
Using Synthetic Data for Machine Learning-based Childhood Vaccination Prediction in Narok, Kenya

Background: Limited data utilization in low-resource settings poses a barrier to the vaccine delivery ecosystem, undermining efforts to achieve equita...

Apr 10 2026 2604.08902v1
Real-Time Surrogate Modeling for Personalized Blood Flow Prediction and Hemodynamic Analysis

Cardiovascular modeling has rapidly advanced over the past few decades due to the rising needs for health tracking and early detection of cardiovascul...

Apr 3 2026 2604.03197v1
Center-Aware Detection with Swin-based Co-DETR Framework for Cervical Cytology

Automated analysis of Pap smear images is critical for cervical cancer screening but remains challenging due to dense cell distribution and complex mo...

Apr 2 2026 2604.02090v1
Evaluating the Large Language Model-Based Quality Assurance Tool for Auto-Contouring

Purpose: Manual verification of AI-based auto-contouring is labor-intensive and prone to fatigue-related errors. This study developed the large langua...

Aging Signals on Chest Radiographs: Association of Chest Radiograph-Derived Age Acceleration With Future Lung Cancer Incidence

Purpose: To evaluate whether chest radiograph-derived age acceleration is associated with incident lung cancer and whether it improves discrimination ...

Screening for prostate cancer using PSA with and without MRI: systematic reviews with meta-analysis

Background: Previous recommendations on screening for prostate cancer relied on ongoing trials of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), whic...

Evolutionary exploration of drug-like chemical space utilizing generative AI and virtual screening

The identification of suitable lead molecules in the vast chemical space is a critical and challenging task in drug discovery campaigns. Recently, it ...

Gap Safe Screening Rules for Fast Training of Robust Support Vector Machines under Feature Noise

Robust Support Vector Machines (R-SVMs) address feature noise by adopting a worst-case robust formulation that explicitly incorporates uncertainty set...

Mar 26 2026 2603.25221v1
Colon-Bench: An Agentic Workflow for Scalable Dense Lesion Annotation in Full-Procedure Colonoscopy Videos

Early screening via colonoscopy is critical for colon cancer prevention, yet developing robust AI systems for this domain is hindered by the lack of d...

Mar 26 2026 2603.25645v1
Brieflow: An Integrated Computational Pipeline for High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Pooled Screening Data

Optical pooled screening (OPS) has emerged as a powerful technique for functional genomics, enabling researchers to link genetic perturbations with co...

Detection and Classification of (Pre)Cancerous Cells in Pap Smears: An Ensemble Strategy for the RIVA Cervical Cytology Challenge

Automated detection and classification of cervical cells in conventional Pap smear images can strengthen cervical cancer screening at scale by reducin...

Mar 24 2026 2603.23742v1
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