Preventive Care

Pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive biology and limited therapeutic success. Advances in multiagent chemotherapy have improved outcomes across disease stages, whereas precision medicine approaches are reshaping treatment paradigms. Personalized RNA vaccines and oncogenic KRAS-directed agents represent emerging immu...

A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health's handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for the prevention of mpox is modified vaccinia Ankara from Bavarian-Nordic (MVA-BN). We previously reported a nondurable and low-avidity antibody response against mpox elicited by MVA-BN. In this study, we expanded upon this knowledge by employing a micro...

Financial incentives increase uptake and perceived effectiveness of autonomous medical AI, yet patients still seek human reconfirmation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used for diagnostic screening. In diabetic retinopathy screening, autonomous AI systems can identify dise...

Commercial AI for CT lung cancer screening: product capabilities, coverage of nodule management tasks and supporting evidence.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the capabilities of CE-marked AI products for lung nodule analysis in lung cancer screening (LCS), quantify their coverage...

Smartphone-based lightweight AI system for real-time multiple anterior segment disease screening: development and real-world validation.

BACKGROUND: Anterior segment diseases are a major global cause of preventable blindness, especially in regions with limited access to specialized opht...

Design and implementation of an end-to-end AI-driven colonoscopy recall workflow at scale.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a large-language-model (LLM)-centric workflow flow extraction and migration of clinician-documented colonoscopy recall recommen...

Risk Stratification for Breast Cancer Screening: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Early detection of breast cancer reduces mortality and is influenced by screening strategies. The balance of benefits and harms within any screening p...

High risk score of breast cancer by artificial intelligence (AI) on screening mammograms: a review of negative and cancer cases.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate mammographic features associated with high artificial intelligence (AI) risk scores as provided by two AI models applied to...

Validation of remote multimodal AI screening for Parkinson disease across diverse settings.

BACKGROUND: Timely detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains limited by reliance on in-person neurological evaluations that are often costly and g...

Design and in silico evaluation of an mRNA vaccine against HTLV-1 using AI-driven reverse vaccinology approaches.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus that can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-as...

Automated full-text screening and accelerated reviews using large language models with context-aware agents: an exploratory analysis in biomarker research.

AIMS: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools utilizing large language models (LLMs) can accelerate scientific literature reviews by automating title, abst...

A Machine-Learning Approach to Predicting Adenoma Detection and Surveillance Impact of Deeper Sections in Colorectal Polypectomy Specimens.

CONTEXT.—: In the routine practice of pathology, cutting deeper levels into paraffin blocks of colorectal polypectomy specimens that do not show a les...

EDC Profiler: A High-Throughput Screening Server for Identifying Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals toward Multiple Nuclear Receptors.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with various adverse health outcomes, thus necessitating high-throughput screening. However, curr...

Controlled human malaria infection in adults identify combinations of merozoite antigens associated with clinical immunity.

Two vaccines are currently licensed against Plasmodium falciparum malaria but offer only partial protection that wanes, necessitating repeated dosing ...

Cost-effectiveness of latent tuberculosis infection screening using interferon-gamma release assays among migrants to Japan: a Markov modelling study incorporating social vulnerability and access barriers.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening strategies using interferon-gamma rele...

Understanding LUng Cancer risk factors and their Impact Assessment (LUCIA): protocol for multicentre observational cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, primarily due to diagnosis at advanced stages. Although low...

CAD-SEL: A dual-modal colonoscopy dataset of subepithelial lesion.

Subepithelial lesions (SELs) of the gastrointestinal tract encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of histology, ranging from benign to malignant. Their de...

Development and validation of a machine learning-based screening tool for early detection of adolescent suicide risk.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent suicide remains a significant public health concern, yet existing suicide screening instruments primarily focus on already mani...

Auto Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Head-to-Head Multiplatform Comparison Against Human Graders and IDx-DR.

PURPOSE: To benchmark multiple automated machine learning (AutoML) platforms for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening from fundus photographs using a u...

Economic evaluation of artificial intelligence for cancer detection in the UK breast screening programme.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a potential solution to radiologist shortages in breast cancer screening while maintaining diagnostic ...