Preventive Care

Risk-Guided Atrial Fibrillation Screening With Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiogram Models: A VITAL-AF Trial Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) may lead to earlier detection and initiation of preventive measures. Current AF screening approaches using a guideline age-based threshold of ≥65 years have shown limited yield. OBJECTIVES: In an AF screening trial, we assessed whether the screening effect was larger among individuals at elevated AF risk using validated clinical and electrocardiog...

Integrated transcriptomic and clinical analysis of autism spectrum disorder reveals structured heterogeneity and links Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 2 expression with symptom severity.

AIM: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains underexplored in Southeast Asia, with limited characterization of its molecular underpinnings and clinical heterogeneity. This study investigated transcriptomic variation and its relationship to clinical diversity in Thai children with ASD using integrated molecular and phenotypic analyses. METHOD: Peripheral blood transcriptomic profiling was performed ...

Generative artificial intelligence-driven chatbots and medical misinformation: an accuracy, referencing and readability audit.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots have been rapidly adopted across research, education, business, marketing and medicine. Most ...

Using Large Language Models to Determine Reasons for Missed Colon Cancer Screening Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: Identifying reasons for missed preventive care, such as follow-up colonoscopy after an abnormal stool-based colon cancer screening test, i...

AI-based classification of pediatric sagittal skeletal patterns using multi-view facial photographs.

OBJECTIVE: The increasing global demand to assess pediatric skeletal malocclusions poses a growing challenge, as current screening methods are depende...

Breast area affects the performance of a commercial artificial intelligence algorithm assessment of negative digital breast tomosynthesis exams.

OBJECTIVE: To understand whether cancer-neutral image attributes (breast area and number of slices) impact an AI algorithm assessment of negative digi...

An interpretable machine learning tool for rheumatoid arthritis screening: integrating novel cellular morphological parameters with routine blood count indices.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause significant disability. Early detection is vital for improving ou...

Cost-effectiveness of AI-enhanced breast cancer screening in Iran: a microsimulation study.

BACKGROUND: Recognized worldwide as a major health threat and Sustainable Development Goal priority, breast cancer places an especially heavy clinical...

Web-Based Personalized Machine Learning Recommendations to Enhance Shared Decision-Making in Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) screening involves complex trade‑offs between early detection and the risks of overdiagnosis. For older ad...

Using Machine Learning to Improve Screening for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Hospitalized Versus Primary Care Adult Patients With COVID-19 Disease: Retrospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) commonly occurs in patients with COVID-19 disease, posing diagnostic challenges due to isolation protocols. O...

Development and Validation of a Web Calculator for Predicting the Risk of Lower Limb Varicose Veins.

The aims of the present study were to develop and validate a predictive model for lower limb Varicose Veins, and to visualize the results using a web ...

Towards transparent and interpretable screening: multi-biofluid FTIR spectroscopy with LLM-Augmented explainability for pancreatic cancer detection.

Early detection of pancreatic cancer remains a critical challenge in oncology, with current diagnostic methods often failing to identify the disease u...

Personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines: Why clinical benefit remains inconsistent.

Personalized cancer vaccines have re-emerged as a promising strategy in precision immunotherapy, driven by advances in tumor sequencing, neoantigen id...

Trusted polyp segmentation via multi-scale evidence ensemble in colonoscopy images.

PURPOSE: Accurate and reliable polyp segmentation is essential for early colorectal cancer detection. Although recent methods employing multi-scale fe...

[Expert consensus on optimizing the multidisciplinary clinical pathways and management models for pulmonary function testing].

The promotion and application of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in China have achieved preliminary success;however, numerous deficiencies persist in ...

A multiparameter model (OsteoSC-M3) for early detection and risk stratification of osteoporosis in women: a multicentre cohort study in China.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a major global health issue, but current early screening tools lack accuracy, and the gold-standard diagnostic method, dua...

Application of machine learning in osteoporosis screening: a narrative review.

Machine learning has the potential to address limitations of traditional osteoporosis screening through advanced data processing and pattern recogniti...

Embedded AI-Assisted Otoscopic Image Screening for Pediatric Otitis Media.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an embedded artificial intelligence (AI) system for otoscopic image-based screening and prediagnostic triage of pediatric otiti...

Advanced machine learning-guided optimization platform for high-yield soluble expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in engineered Escherichia coli strains.

BACKGROUND: The recombinant production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), a critical component for immunotoxin development, remains hindered ...

Clinical Translatable and Transparency of Neural Network for Blood-Based Personalized Cancer Risk.

OBJECTIVE: To support cancer screening and identify precancerous conditions, such as atypical hyperplasia, to improve cure rates and reduce mortality,...