Primary Care

Plasma Metabolite Associations with Incident Heart Failure with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Prior studies on metabolite associations with incident heart failure (HF) used billing code-based definitions and lacked the data on left ventricular ejection fraction needed to determine associations with HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Objectives: Identify potentially causal plasma metabolite associations with HFrEF and HFpEF, ascertained using a vali...

Muon Reduces the Training Cost of Regulatory DNA Transformers

Gene-therapy design depends on identifying regulatory sequences that drive the right level, timing, and cell-type specificity of expression. Regulatory DNA models offer a way to prioritize such sequences computationally before committing candidates to biological testing. Biological validation involves DNA synthesis, cloning, cell culture, sequencing, and functional screening, so training compute i...

Composite Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiogram for Detection and Prediction of Structural Heart Disease

Background Structural heart disease (SHD) drives heart failure and cardiovascular mortality but remains underdiagnosed, and echocardiography is limite...

Leveraging multiplicity in biologically informed neural networks to uncover disease heterogeneity

Biologically inspired neural networks (BINNs) embed pathway, ontology, or protein-interaction structure directly into neural networks, promising inter...

Medical Imaging Fusing Vision Transformer: Laryngeal Cancer Screening with Explanation

Early and timely screening of laryngeal cancer is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. In recent years, NBI endoscopy has become a standard diagno...

PocketPPD: Screening for Postpartum Depression Risk Using Passive Smartphone Sensing

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious perinatal mental health condition affecting approximately 20% of new mothers worldwide. Common screening appr...

CardioMeta: Calibrated Multi-Task Prediction of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease Across Population and EHR Data

Cardiometabolic diseases remain among the most persistent drivers of preventable morbidity because diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease ...

Malaria Pre-screening Technology Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Malaria remains a severe health problem in endemic regions because people lack adequate diagnostic tools, leading to delayed medical care and elevated...

A Transportable Threshold-Based Framework for Interpretable Classification of Medical Data

Black-box models limit the adoption of artificial intelligence in medicine due to their lack of interpretability and reproducibility. We introduce a s...

Dataset-Origin Signatures and Shortcut Learning in Screening Mammography AI: A Cross-Dataset Case Study

Reliable AI for screening mammography requires training data representative of the low cancer prevalence and subtle abnormalities found in screening p...

Life-Stage Heterogeneity in the Mental Health Treatment Gap: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Profiling of Symptomatic US Adults

Abstract Background Despite a rising global psychiatric burden, a treatment gap persists where the majority of symptomatic individuals remain unmedica...

Accelerating gas-network feasibility screening with a physics-informed graph neural network surrogate

Large-scale gas-network scenario evaluation is a computational bottleneck in integrated energy-system planning, particularly when gas infrastructure i...

DNA: Dual-stage Native Attribution for Generated Image Source Tracing

The rapid evolution of image generation has produced numerous within-family variants, making source-model attribution of suspect images increasingly i...

Screening Is Effective for Visual Recognition

Vision Transformer (ViT) has been widely used as a powerful framework for modeling global dependencies among image patches. However, its core componen...

DermDepth: Toward Monocular Metric Scale 3D Reconstruction Models for Dermatology

Dermatological practice routinely involves measuring and tracking lesion size, morphology and texture, as critical components of wound or skin cancer ...

Audited Selective Verification for Risk-Controlled N-1 Thermal Contingency Screening under Deployment Shift

Real-time N-1 contingency screening in an energy management system trades assurance against cost: verifying every credible outage with full power flow...

From Many to Meaningful: Feature-Guided Zero-Shot Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Using Large Language Models

Early screening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for preventing irreversible progression; however, many machine learning (ML)-based screen...

DermDepth: Toward Monocular Metric Scale 3D Reconstruction Models for Dermatology

Dermatological practice routinely involves measuring and tracking lesion size, morphology and texture, as critical components of wound or skin cancer ...

Beyond isolated cough events: AI-based tuberculosis screening through temporal analysis of cough sounds

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge, with many cases remaining undiagnosed due to limited access to screening and diagnostic services...

From Current-Wave to Longitudinal Risk Prediction: A Leakage-Aware Stacked Ensemble Framework for Adolescent Substance Use Using the ABCD Study

Adolescent use of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana remains a major public health concern in the United States. Early identification of youth at elevat...