Public Health & Policy

Precise prevention of DEHP induced hepatic fibrosis: Early identifying high-risk populations, revealing key factors, and applying targeted intervention.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) poses a serious threat to human health. Hepatic fibrosis is a decisive factor in the death of MAFLD patients. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) plays an indispensable role in MAFLD. However, there are still certain shortcomings in the systematic evaluation of its dose-response relationship, key toxic mechanisms, early identification of DE...

Long-Term Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Screening: A Modeling Study.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted breast cancer screening may improve diagnostic accuracy; however, the long-term health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted screening is unknown. We estimated benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of incorporating an AI product, Saige-Dx, into standard screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). METHODS: We developed a microsimul...

Artificial intelligence and infectious disease diagnostics: state of the art and future perspectives.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping infectious disease diagnostics by supporting clinical decision making, optimising laboratory and clinical wo...

Artificial intelligence and infectious diseases: an evidence-driven conceptual framework for research, public health, and clinical practice.

As artificial intelligence (AI) is projected to radically shape health care, its role in infectious disease prevention and management is drawing atten...

Artificial intelligence and infectious diseases: tackling antimicrobial resistance, from personalised care to antibiotic discovery.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an intractable problem that has the potential to significantly limit advances in human health. Recently, the UN Gene...

Machine Learning Insights Into Social Determinants Driving Child Abuse in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are key drivers of health inequities, shaping disparities in patient outcomes that mus...

A framework using large time series model for early warning of infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Infectious diseases controlling system is indispensable for weaken the damage to the people's life and property security caused by infectio...

Clinical implications of computer-aided real-time size estimation of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy: a prospective study.

Accurate polyp size estimation during colonoscopy is crucial for clinical decision making, follow-up, and implementation of cost-saving strategies. Ob...

Health risk of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in a megacity in South China: Comparison between before and after the outbreak of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to three years (2020-2022) of human activity restrictions in China, significantly impacting urban air quality, yet long-term...

Optimizing guideline-directed medical therapy in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care.

BACKGROUND: Despite KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) recommendations for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi's) an...

Assessment of Multimodal Natural Language Processing in Ascertaining Perioperative Safety Indicators From Preoperative Notes in Spine Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Standard spine surgery machine learning (ML) models often rely on structured clinical data, overlooking nuanced free text, such as preop...

Screening for Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Approaches and Outcomes.

Barrett esophagus (BE) is the only known histological precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The incidence of EAC has risen significantly over ...

Prediction of incident atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive evaluation of conventional and artificial intelligence-enhanced approaches.

BACKGROUND: Multiple risk scores and biomarkers have been proposed for the prediction of atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is unknown how these compare...

Navigating Medical Device Safety: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Regulatory Directions.

Medical devices are indispensable in modern healthcare. They enable the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases while enhancing patient outco...

Using artificial intelligence as a technological tool in gynecologic and obstetric health: A narrative literature review.

Maternal mortality remains a critical global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income settings where failures in surveillance, earl...

When Health Behavior Meets Technology: Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction of Breast Self-Examination Intentions Among Filipino Female College Students.

Early detection of breast cancer is crucial, particularly in low-resource settings. Emerging technologies like artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer...

Child sex doll and sex robot research: Taking a child rights perspective.

Direct child sexual abuse is pervasive, with consistent estimates across reviews and epidemiology at up to 20 % for girls and up to 15 % for boys; the...

How do experts classify sepsis cases for sepsis surveillance? Lessons learned from a Behavioural Artificial Intelligence Technology (BAIT) approach.

OBJECTIVES: To identify relevant objective variables for retrospective identification of 'suspected infection' and sepsis, using behavioural artificia...

AI-driven diagnosis of Lassa fever: Evidence from Nigerian clinical records.

BACKGROUND: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly Lassa fever, remain a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, often presenting wi...

Leveraging machine learning for predicting Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cats: A tool for veterinary epidemiology.

Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection is a major public health concern in the Greater Mekong Subregion, with cats as key reservoir hosts. Although mac...