Pulmonology

A Novel and Modern Calculator to Predict Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery.

Counseling patients who are considering a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is a challenging task given the risks and benefits of either approach. While calculators exist to give patients an idea of their likelihood of having a successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), their validity is limited by outdated mathematical methods used to develop them. Most importantly, current VBAC calculat...

The use of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a potentially life-threatening condition, classified as group 4 pulmonary hypertension (PH), caused by stenosis or occlusion of the pulmonary arteries due to unresolved thromboembolic material. The prognosis for untreated CTEPH patients is poor because it leads to elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right heart failure. Early and accurate...

Classification of biomedical lung cancer images using optimized binary bat technique by constructing oblique decision trees.

Due to imbalanced data values and high-dimensional features of lung cancer from CT scans images creates significant challenges in clinical research. T...

Ultrasound image-based contrastive fusion non-invasive liver fibrosis staging algorithm.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of liver fibrosis is usually based on histopathological examination of liver puncture specimens. Although liver puncture is a...

CT-Based Radiomics for Predicting PD-L1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is intricately associated with baseline PD-L1 expression r...

Rapid differentiation of patients with lung cancers from benign lung nodule based on dried serum Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms.

Lung cancer (LC) is associated with poor 5-year survival rates when diagnosed at advanced stages. While low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening ...

Mild to moderate COPD, vitamin D deficiency, and longitudinal bone loss: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the established association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and risk of osteoporosis, even after acco...

Predictive models to determine best strategy for metaphylaxis application in cattle at arrival to a feedyard.

Metaphylaxis, the application of an antimicrobial to a cohort of cattle at arrival to a feedyard, is an important bovine respiratory disease (BRD) con...

Gut microbiota, metabolites, and pulmonary hypertension: Mutual regulation and potential therapies.

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive condition characterized by increased pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance, ultimately leading to right h...

Suitability of just-in-time adaptive intervention in post-COVID-19-related symptoms: A systematic scoping review.

Patients with post-COVID-19-related symptoms require active and timely support in self-management. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI) seem pr...

Immunological biomarkers and gene signatures predictive of radiotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: A significant challenge in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is its inherent resistance to radiation therapy, leading to poor ...

Comparative evaluation of deep learning-based and conventional reconstruction techniques for image quality enhancement in low-dose chest computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice, greater attention is being paid to the radiation dose. There are...

Unveiling the oxidation mechanisms of octa-penta graphene: a multidimensional exploration from first-principles to machine learning.

Octa-penta graphene (OPG), a novel carbon allotrope characterized by its distinctive arrangement of pentagonal and octagonal rings, has garnered consi...

Human and Deep Learning Predictions of Peripheral Lung Cancer Using a 1.3 mm Video Endoscopic Probe.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Iriscope, a 1.3 mm video endoscopic probe introduced through an r-EBUS catheter, allows for the direct visualisation of smal...

Estimating Total Lung Volume from Pixel-Level Thickness Maps of Chest Radiographs Using Deep Learning.

Purpose To estimate the total lung volume (TLV) from real and synthetic frontal chest radiographs (CXR) on a pixel level using lung thickness maps ge...

Evaluating generative AI models for explainable pathological feature extraction in lung adenocarcinoma grading assessment and prognostic model construction.

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing prevalence of generative AI (GenAI) models, a systematically evaluation of their performance in lung adenocarcinoma h...

Hydronephrosis-Associated Renal Fibrosis: Clinical Validation of Spp1 as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.

BACKGROUND: Renal fibrosis is a key driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD), often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Secreted Phosphoprotein 1...

Large Scale MRI Collection and Segmentation of Cirrhotic Liver.

Liver cirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by extensive fibrosis and nodular regeneration that significantly inc...

Fully automated Bayesian analysis for quantifying the extent and distribution of pulmonary perfusion changes on CT pulmonary angiography in CTEPH.

OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to develop an automated method for quantifying the distribution and severity of perfusion changes on CT pulmonary angiogra...

Towards establishing functional nitrogenase activities within plants.

Biological nitrogen fixation, catalyzed by nitrogenase, can convert atmospheric N₂ into NH₃ for plant growth. Legumes form symbioses with nitrogen-fix...