Pulmonology

A Generalized Approach to Solving Deep Learning-Based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Quantitative Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Magnitude (QSM + qBOLD or QQ) for Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Mapping Across Diverse Acquisition Schemes.

PURPOSE: QQ, a recently proposed oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping technique combining quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD) (QSM + qBOLD = QQ), generates OEF maps noninvasively from a single routine MRI sequence, without requiring vascular challenges used in other OEF approaches. A deep learning approach, QQ-NET, further enables rap...

Theranostic innovation in infectious lung diseases: integrating biotechnology and nanotechnology for precision medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Infectious lung diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), COVID-19, influenza, and emerging fungal infections, are major causes of illness and death worldwide. Traditional methods have serious limitations such as diagnostic delays, antimicrobial resistance, and non-targeted therapy. Theranostics offers a transformative precision medicine paradigm for pulmonary i...

Focal Vascular Photopenia as a Metabolic Signature of Pulmonary Embolism on AI-Enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced reconstruction of 18F-FDG PET/CT may reveal important metabolic patterns barely visible on standard reconstructi...

Phage as a prospective arsenal against superbugs.

The escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the urgent development of alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Bacteriophage ...

Large Language Model-Based Clinical Decision Support for Antibiotic Selection and Dose Recommendation in Hospitalized Patients With Pneumonia: Multicenter Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common infectious disease, and antibiotic treatment in hospitalized patients must balance efficacy, safety, and resistance ...

Plasma proteomics linking primary and secondary diseases: Insights into molecular mediation from UK Biobank data.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and pulmonary diseases, yet clini...

Patient-Level Cross-validated nnU-Net for Multiclass Segmentation of Lung Parenchyma and Solid Adenocarcinoma on Thoracic CT.

Automated segmentation of lung parenchyma and solid lung adenocarcinoma on thoracic computed tomography (CT) is needed for reproducible quantitative i...

Nonoperating room anesthesia in the ICU: current practice and considerations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: ICU procedures are increasingly complex, often requiring deeper sedation or general anesthesia, and are increasingly performed at t...

Engineering Organoid Platforms for Pathogenesis Research.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases ranging from the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic to the recent SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus outbreaks cont...

AI-HOPE lung cancer: a multicenter real-world registry integrating artificial intelligence for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The AI-HOPE Lung Cancer study is a multicenter initiative designed to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) and real-world data to improv...

Integrative multi-omics reveals a prognostic and therapeutic landscape of synthetic lethality-associated signatures in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits considerable heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial tra...

Enhancing pediatric cardiac auscultation with data-driven murmur detection: toward tele-consultation applications.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric cardiac tele-auscultation is often limited by poor signal quality due to respiratory sounds, motion artifacts, and environmental...

Entropy engineering in multimetallic hydroxides and oxides: a new paradigm for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a central kinetic bottleneck in electrochemical energy-conversion technologies, motivating intensive explo...

Comparison of Machine Learning and Logistic Regression in Predicting Mortality from Acute Poisoning in Young Adults: A Multicenter Study Identifying Herbicide Exposure as the Predominant Risk Determinant.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms and traditional logistic regression in predicting the mortality risk of young pati...

Age-specific climate sensitivity of respiratory hospitalizations in a tropical coastal city: 20-year Random Forest forecasts.

Respiratory diseases remain a major public health challenge in tropical coastal cities, where persistent heat-humidity interactions and climate variab...

Diagnostic performance with sensitivity/specificity optimized computer-aided detection to detect common abnormalities in chest radiography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate how two fixed computer-aided detection (CAD) operating modes-sensitivity-optimized (SE-CAD) and specificity-optimized (SP-CAD)-af...

Prognostication in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Current Tools, Clinical Gaps, and Future Directions.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent hereditary kidney disorder. While the disease is well-defined, its clinical...

Practical Optimization of Deep Learning Models for Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation From Photoplethysmography.

To improve deep learning-based cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation from photoplethysmography (PPG) for continuous, non-invasive monitoring wh...

Reply - Letter to the editor - Comment on "Evaluation of Semi-Automated Versus Fully Automated Technologies for Computed Tomography Scalable Body Composition Analyses in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2".

Comment on "Exploration of lactylation genes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Implications for immune regulation and disease mechanisms".