Pulmonology

DBPNDNet: dual-branch networks using 3DCNN toward pulmonary nodule detection.

With the advancement of artificial intelligence, CNNs have been successfully introduced into the discipline of medical data analyzing. Clinically, automatic pulmonary nodules detection remains an intractable issue since those nodules existing in the lung parenchyma or on the chest wall are tough to be visually distinguished from shadows, background noises, blood vessels, and bones. Thus, when maki...

Can the generalizability issue of artificial intelligence be overcome? Pneumothorax detection algorithm.

The generalizability of artificial intelligence (AI) models is a major issue in the field of AI applications. Therefore, we aimed to overcome the generalizability problem of an AI model developed for a particular center for pneumothorax detection using a small dataset for external validation. Chest radiographs of patients diagnosed with pneumothorax (n = 648) and those without pneumothorax (n = 65...

Liver fibrosis classification from ultrasound using machine learning: a systematic literature review.

PURPOSE: Liver biopsy was considered the gold standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis; however, with advancements in medical technology and increasing ...

Artificial intelligence and pneumonia: a rapidly evolving frontier.

Pulmonary abnormality screening on chest x-rays from different machine specifications: a generalized AI-based image manipulation pipeline.

BACKGROUND: Chest x-ray is commonly used for pulmonary abnormality screening. However, since the image characteristics of x-rays highly depend on the ...

An algorithm for drug discovery based on deep learning with an example of developing a drug for the treatment of lung cancer.

In this study, we present an algorithmic framework integrated within the created software platform tailored for the discovery of novel small-molecule ...

Multi-class deep learning architecture for classifying lung diseases from chest X-Ray and CT images.

Medical imaging is considered a suitable alternative testing method for the detection of lung diseases. Many researchers have been working to develop ...

A comparative study of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and conventional approaches for short-term outcomes of anatomical segmentectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Since anatomical segmentectomy requires meticulous dissection of the segmental pulmonary vessels and bronchus, robot-assisted thoracoscopi...

Helix-based screening with structure prediction using artificial intelligence has potential for the rapid development of peptide inhibitors targeting class I viral fusion.

The rapid development of drugs against emerging and re-emerging viruses is required to prevent future pandemics. However, inhibitors usually take a lo...

Deep learning, 3D ultrastructural analysis reveals quantitative differences in platelet and organelle packing in COVID-19/SARSCoV2 patient-derived platelets.

Platelets contribute to COVID-19 clinical manifestations, of which microclotting in the pulmonary vasculature has been a prominent symptom. To investi...

Sleep Apnea Prediction Using Deep Learning.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that causes partial or complete cessation of breathing during an individual's sleep. Various methods...

A comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray improves deep learning-based WHO radiologically confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate a comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray (CXR) in promoting deep learning-based World Health Organization's (WHO) radiol...

Predicting long-term neurocognitive outcome after pediatric intensive care unit admission for bronchiolitis-preliminary exploration of the potential of machine learning.

PURPOSE: For successful prevention and intervention, it is important to unravel the complex constellation of factors that affect neurocognitive functi...

Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Respirator Leak in Healthcare Workers During Fit-Testing Clinic.

OBJECTIVE: This study addressed the problem of objectively detecting leaks in P2 respirators at point of use, an essential component for healthcare wo...

The smarty4covid dataset and knowledge base as a framework for interpretable physiological audio data analysis.

Harnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and m-health towards detecting new bio-markers indicative of the onset and progress of respirator...

Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis in an era of shorter regimens: Insights from rural South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Progressive interventions have recently improved programmatic outcomes in drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) care in South Africa (SA). A...

Chamber Attention Network (CAN): Towards interpretable diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension using echocardiography.

INTRODUCTION: Accurate identification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in primary care and rural areas can be a challenging task. However, rec...

The 2022 Banff Meeting Lung Report.

The Lung Session of the 2022 16th Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology Conference-held in Banff, Alberta-focused on non-rejection lung allograft p...

An integrated model combined intra- and peritumoral regions for predicting chemoradiation response of non small cell lung cancers based on radiomics and deep learning.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting chemoradiation response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by int...

A Pilot Study to Determine the Role of Spatulating the Ureter During Pyeloplasty in Children for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in the Robotic Era.

Spatulation during ureteropelvic junction obstruction repair was evaluated in children treated by robot-assisted retroperitoneal pyeloplasty anastomo...