Pulmonology

A large-scale retrospective study enabled deep-learning based pathological assessment of frozen procurement kidney biopsies to predict graft loss and guide organ utilization.

Lesion scores on procurement donor biopsies are commonly used to guide organ utilization for deceased-donor kidneys. However, frozen sections present challenges for histological scoring, leading to inter- and intra-observer variability and inappropriate discard. Therefore, we constructed deep-learning based models to recognize kidney tissue compartments in hematoxylin & eosin-stained sections from...

U-net convolutional neural network applied to progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Is progression at CT scan associated with a clinical outcome?

BACKGROUND: Computational advances in artificial intelligence have led to the recent emergence of U-Net convolutional neural networks (CNNs) applied to medical imaging. Our objectives were to assess the progression of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) using routine CT scans processed by a U-Net CNN developed by our research team, and to identify a progression threshold indicative of poor pr...

Utilizing Deep Learning and Computed Tomography to Determine Pulmonary Nodule Activity in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial-Lung Disease.

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for the classification of acute and chronic lung nodules from nontub...

Application of Machine Learning Models to Biomedical and Information System Signals From Critically Ill Adults.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML)-derived notifications for impending episodes of hemodynamic instability and respiratory failure events are interesti...

An uncertainty aided framework for learning based livermapping and analysis.

. QuantitativeT1ρimaging has potential for assessment of biochemical alterations of liver pathologies. Deep learning methods have been employed to acc...

Identification and validation of a pyroptosis-related signature in identifying active tuberculosis via a deep learning algorithm.

INTRODUCTION: Active tuberculosis (ATB), instigated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), rises as a primary instigator of morbidity and mortality wit...

Application of radiomics in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Radiomics has become a research field that involves the process of converting standard nursing images into quantitative image data, which can be combi...

Reducing Gadolinium Contrast With Artificial Intelligence.

Gadolinium contrast is an important agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in neuroimaging where it can help identify blood-brain bar...

Machine intelligence and medical cyber-physical system architectures for smart healthcare: Taxonomy, challenges, opportunities, and possible solutions.

Hospitals use medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) more often to give patients quality continuous care. MCPS isa life-critical, context-aware, networ...

MultiCOVID: a multi modal deep learning approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.

The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 led to a global overextension of healthcare. Both Chest X-rays (CXR) and blood...

Early chest tube removal regardless of drainage volume after anatomic pulmonary resection: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of early chest tube removal after anatomic pulmonary resection, regardless of the ...

Deep learning and radiomics of longitudinal CT scans for early prediction of tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

BACKGROUND: To predict tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes at an early stage, prevent poor outcomes ofdrug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB) and interrup...

Untargeted metabolomic profiling in children identifies novel pathways in asthma and atopy.

BACKGROUND: Asthma and other atopic disorders can present with varying clinical phenotypes marked by differential metabolomic manifestations and enric...

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on ACE2 and interleukin 6 productions in human adipocytes: An in-vitro study.

Since adipocytes play a crucial role in pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to their interactio...

The water-soluble subfraction from Artemisia argyi alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses via multiple pathways and targets in vitro and in vivo.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Artemisia argyi has been used medicinally and eaten for more than 2000 years in Chi...

Curcumin Modulates NOX Gene Expression and ROS Production via P-Smad3C in TGF-β-Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells.

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis, associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), occurs when a healthy liver sustains damage, thereby impairing its function...

Risk assessment of inferior alveolar nerve injury after wisdom tooth removal using 3D AI-driven models: A within-patient study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare a three-dimensional (3D) artificial intelligence (AI)- driven model with panoramic radiography (PANO) and cone-beam computed tom...

Walking the path of treatable traits in interstitial lung diseases.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are complex and heterogeneous diseases. The use of traditional diagnostic classification in ILD can lead to suboptim...

Disposable and eco-friendly electrochemical immunosensor for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2.

This study describes the development of a simple, disposable, and eco-friendly electrochemical immunosensor for rapid detection of severe acute respir...

Potential added value of an AI software with prediction of malignancy for the management of incidental lung nodules.

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of an artificial intelligence software predicting malignancy in the management of incidentally discovered lung nodule...