Pulmonology

Leveraging nonlinear relationships and interactions to improve 30-day pneumonia readmission machine learning models.

BACKGROUND: Research is needed to develop more accurate readmission prediction models that identify patients at the highest risk of readmission after their initial pneumonia hospitalization. Improving prediction accuracy will support the implementation of more effective, personalized interventions to lower readmission rates. Published models tend to rely on traditional methods or advanced machine ...

An interpretable machine learning model for preoperative risk stratification in paediatric congenital heart disease surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD), one of the most common birth defects, poses challenges to preoperative risk stratification due to its anatomical complexity and developmental vulnerability. Existing tools inadequately predict critical outcomes, including mortality and ventilator dependence. We developed a machine learning-based clinical tool to enable precise preoperative risk assessmen...

A novel deep learning network for small bowel ulcerative lesion detection and differential diagnosis on double-balloon endoscopy images.

Differentiating small bowel ulcerative diseases (SBUDs) on double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) is challenging. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligen...

Computational exploration of quercetin derivatives from Azadirachta indica leaf as threonine tyrosine kinase inhibitors for potential lung and pancreatic cancer treatment.

Lung and pancreatic adenocarcinomas account for substantial cancer-related mortality worldwide, with current therapeutic efficacy severely limited by ...

Multi-omics analysis identifies CD48 and ITIH5 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-driven metabolic disorders involve pathological remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT), wherein fibroblasts coordinate fibrosis ...

Environmental conditions and animal hosts shape the spatial transmission risks of echinococcosis in China.

Echinococcosis poses a major public-health challenge and substantial socioeconomic burdens in pastoral regions. Yet the spatial transmission risks in ...

Machine learning versus clinical scoring systems for predicting poor wound healing after posterior surgery for thoracolumbar tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative poor wound healing (PWH) is a significant complication following posterior surgery for thoracolumbar tuberculosis, leading to...

Differentiating advanced from non-advanced hepatic fibrosis: a hybrid deep learning-radiomics model leveraging synthetic contrast-enhanced CT from CycleGAN.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate a hybrid deep learning-radiomics model that leveraged Cycle-consistent generative adversarial net...

Beyond scarring: a next-generation vision for pulmonary fibrosis management.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis remains a progressive, fatal lung disease with a median survival of approximately 4-5 years in contemporar...

Large Language Models Exhibit High Performance as Computable Phenotypes for Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation Detection in a Retrospective, Observational Study of Emergency Medical Services Encounters.

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric asthma exacerbations are a common emergent condition treated by prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). However, retrospec...

Plasma signals of lung tumor promotion for molecular cancer prevention.

Predicting lung cancer risk would enhance prevention trials. Although the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial demons...

A clinical support tool using artificial intelligence to diagnose pulmonary hypertension.

Development of an artificial intelligence prediction model for moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbations using continuous multiple unobtrusive sensors: protocol of a multicentre prospective observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Exacerbations, impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduced exercise capacity increase the risk of hospitalisations and d...

Non-contact on-device detection of obstructive sleep apnea from infrared video.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly one billion people worldwide, yet most cases remain undiagnosed because standard testing requires overnig...

Atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease and carries the highest disability-adjusted life-years burden, ranking 15th among ...

Hybrid deep learning approach for early emphysema diagnosis combining fuzzy C-means, TransUNet, and faster mask R-CNN.

Emphysema is a chronic condition of the lungs and it has to be diagnosed at an early age as it can harm the lungs effectively as they can be treated a...

Tuberculosis in households with infectious cases in Kampala city: Harnessing health data science for new insights on an ancient disease with persistent, unresolved problems.

Tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent in Uganda and overlaps with a high rate of HIV/TB coinfection. While nearly all hospital-based TB cases in Kampala, the...

Accurate prediction of mortality in children with sepsis: development and validation of an explainable model based on real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis remains the leading cause of in-hospital deaths among children, and there is currently a lack of precise early prediction models. T...

Chest Radiograph-Derived Age Acceleration as an Early Marker of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Middle-Aged Asians.

BACKGROUND: Deep learning-derived, chest radiographic (CXR) age may capture subclinical structural changes associated with spirometric impairment. RES...

Network analysis of pairwise relative tuberculosis transmission probabilities in Lima, Peru.

Identifying transmission events is important in understanding infectious disease dynamics. Such events are typically unobservable, particularly in res...