Pulmonology

Temporally Phenotyping GLP-1RA Case Reports with Large Language Models: A Textual Time Series Corpus and Risk Modeling

Type 2 diabetes case reports describe complex clinical courses, but their timelines are often expressed in language that is difficult to reuse in longitudinal modeling. To address this gap, we developed a textual time-series corpus of 136 PubMed Open Access single-patient case reports involving glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, with clinical events associated with their most probable refe...

HyperCT: Low-Rank Hypernet for Unified Chest CT Analysis

Non-contrast chest CTs offer a rich opportunity for both conventional pulmonary and opportunistic extra-pulmonary screening. While Multi-Task Learning (MTL) can unify these diverse tasks, standard hard-parameter sharing approaches are often suboptimal for modeling distinct pathologies. We propose HyperCT, a framework that dynamically adapts a Vision Transformer backbone via a Hypernetwork. To ensu...

Cardiovascular Adverse Events After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Lung Cancer in an Appalachian Population: Incidence and Machine Learning Based Prediction

Background Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for lung cancer are major concerns in Appalachia due to high rates of s...

Accelerated Patient-Specific Hemodynamic Simulations with Hybrid Physics-Based Neural Surrogates

Physics-based 0D reduced-order models provide computationally lightweight predictions of cardiovascular flows, resolving bulk hemodynamics in fraction...

Development and validation of an XGBoost model with SHAP-based interpretability and a web-based calculator for predicting extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants

Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a common and clinically significant complication among preterm infants, contributing to adverse ...

A Deployable Explainable Deep Learning System for Tuberculosis Detection from Chest X-Rays in Resource-Constrained High-Burden Settings

Abstract Objectives: To develop and evaluate a deployable deep learning system with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) for tubercul...

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies and Validates Novel Cellular Senescence-Associated Genes in Sepsis and Sepsis-Induced ARDS

Sepsis can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is associated with a high mortality rate. This study investigated cellular senescenc...

MedResearchBench: A Multi-Domain Benchmark for Evaluating AI Research Agents on Clinical Medical Research

The rapid advancement of AI research automation systems--including AI Scientist, data-to-paper, and Agent Laboratory--has demonstrated the potential f...

Aging Signals on Chest Radiographs: Association of Chest Radiograph-Derived Age Acceleration With Future Lung Cancer Incidence

Purpose: To evaluate whether chest radiograph-derived age acceleration is associated with incident lung cancer and whether it improves discrimination ...

Benchmarking single cell transcriptome matching methods for incremental growth of cell atlases

Background: The advancement of single cell technologies has driven significant progress in constructing a multiscale, pan-organ Human Reference Atlas ...

Federated Learning Performance Depends on Site Variation in Global HIV Data Consortia

Digital health technologies, including machine learning (ML), are transforming infectious disease management, however ML models for HIV care have been...

DeepFAN, a transformer-based deep learning model for human-artificial intelligence collaborative assessment of incidental pulmonary nodules in CT scans: a multi-reader, multi-case trial

The widespread adoption of CT has notably increased the number of detected lung nodules. However, current deep learning methods for classifying benign...

Multi-Agent Reasoning with Consistency Verification Improves Uncertainty Calibration in Medical MCQA

Miscalibrated confidence scores are a practical obstacle to deploying AI in clinical settings. A model that is always overconfident offers no useful s...

A deep-learning based biomarker of systemic cellular senescence burden to predict mortality and health outcomes

Introduction: The accumulation of senescent cells is a recognized hallmark of biological aging and is associated with the onset of multiple chronic me...

HUydra: Full-Range Lung CT Synthesis via Multiple HU Interval Generative Modelling

Currently, a central challenge and bottleneck in the deployment and validation of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) models within the field of medical im...

AI-Assisted Pneumonia Detection, Localisation and Report Generation from Chest X-rays

Purpose: Pneumonia detection in chest X-rays (CXRs) is complicated by high inter-observer variability and overlapping radiographic patterns. While dee...

Parameter-efficient Prompt Tuning and Hierarchical Textual Guidance for Few-shot Whole Slide Image Classification

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are giga-pixel in scale and are typically partitioned into small instances in WSI classification pipelines for computational...

Deriving Health Metrics from the Photoplethysmogram: Benchmarks and Insights from MIMIC-III-Ext-PPG

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the most widely captured biosignals for clinical prediction tasks, yet PPG-based algorithms are typically trained...

Biophysics-Enhanced Neural Representations for Patient-Specific Respiratory Motion Modeling

A precise spatial delivery of the radiation dose is crucial for the treatment success in radiotherapy. In the lung and upper abdominal region, respira...

Respiratory Status Detection with Video Transformers

Recognition of respiratory distress through visual inspection is a life saving clinical skill. Clinicians can detect early signs of respiratory deteri...