Pulmonology

Harnessing exhaled breath for lung cancer early detection, results from the ExPeL study

Background Scalable, non invasive tools are critically needed to improve early lung cancer detection and optimize primary care referral pathways. We evaluated Inflammacheck, a point-of-care device utilizing exhaled breath condensate (EBC) H2O2 and physiological parameters with machine learning, for non-invasive lung cancer detection in a real-world screening population. Methods ExPeL study partici...

Circulating miRNA-Protein Signatures Predict Outcomes in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background: Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare, progressive heart disease with variable outcomes that range from recovery to heart transplantation. To date, there are no prognostic biomarkers for children with DCM. Identifying circulating biomarkers that are associated with clinical outcomes is critical for personalized management. Methods: miRNAs were identified by RNA-seq, whereas ...

An AI-Driven Decision-Support Tool for Triage of COVID-19 Patients Using Respiratory Microbiome Data

Accurate clinical triage is critical for optimizing decision-making and resource allocation during infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. In t...

Computational Fluid Particle Dynamics-Informed Machine Learning Prototype for a User-Centered Smart Inhaler Enabling Uniform Drug Delivery to Small Airways

Small airways are the primary sites of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effective delivery of aerosolized drug particles ...

VesselTok: Tokenizing Vessel-like 3D Biomedical Graph Representations for Reconstruction and Generation

Spatial graphs provide a lightweight and elegant representation of curvilinear anatomical structures such as blood vessels, lung airways, and neuronal...

BVSIMC: Bayesian Variable Selection-Guided Inductive Matrix Completion for Improved and Interpretable Drug Discovery

Recent advances in drug discovery have demonstrated that incorporating side information (e.g., chemical properties about drugs and genomic information...

HybridNet-XR: Efficient Teacher-Free Self-Supervised Learning for Autonomous Medical Diagnostic Systems in Resource-Constrained Environments.

Deep learning model classification on large datasets is often limited in countries with restricted computational resources. While transfer learning ca...

Sentiment in Clinical Notes: A Predictor for Length of Stay?

Background: Length of stay (LOS) is a critical metric for hospital operational efficiency. While structured clinical data is widely used to predict LO...

Deep Learning-Based Airway Segmentation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (SLE-ILD): A Comparative High-Resolution CT Analysis

To characterize lobar and segmental airway volume differences between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)...

Context-Aware Emergency Department Triage Using Pairwise Comparisons and Bradley-Terry Aggregation

Objective: To evaluate a ranking approach for emergency department (ED) waiting room prioritization that uses pairwise clinical comparisons aggregated...

An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Drug Response Analysis

Lung cancer is a condition where there is abnormal growth of malignant cells that spread in an uncontrollable fashion in the lungs. Some common treatm...

Federated Learning with Multi-Partner OneFlorida+ Consortium Data for Predicting Major Postoperative Complications

Background: This study aims to develop and validate federated learning models for predicting major postoperative complications and mortality using a l...

Clinical Priors Guided Lung Disease Detection in 3D CT Scans

Accurate classification of lung diseases from chest CT scans plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis systems. However, medical imaging dat...

Nodule-Aligned Latent Space Learning with LLM-Driven Multimodal Diffusion for Lung Nodule Progression Prediction

Early diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging due to biological uncertainty and the limited understanding of the biological mechanisms driving nodule ...

A Retrospective Multi-Source Clinical Validation of Lenek Intelligent Radiology Assistant: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Chest Radiograph Screening and Triage System for High-Burden Pulmonary and Cardiac Conditions in India

Background: A critical radiologist shortage exists in India, leading to delayed chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. This leads to disease progressi...

Multimodal Deep Learning for Early Prediction of Patient Deterioration in the ICU: Integrating Time-Series EHR Data with Clinical Notes

Early identification of patients at risk for clinical deterioration in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains a critical challenge. Delayed recognition...

Clinical Priors Guided Lung Disease Detection in 3D CT Scans

Accurate classification of lung diseases from chest CT scans plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis systems. However, medical imaging dat...

Vision-Language Model Based Multi-Expert Fusion for CT Image Classification

Robust detection of COVID-19 from chest CT remains challenging in multi-institutional settings due to substantial source shift, source imbalance, and ...

Fair Lung Disease Diagnosis from Chest CT via Gender-Adversarial Attention Multiple Instance Learning

We present a fairness-aware framework for multi-class lung disease diagnosis from chest CT volumes, developed for the Fair Disease Diagnosis Challenge...

DeepHistoViT: An Interpretable Vision Transformer Framework for Histopathological Cancer Classification

Histopathology remains the gold standard for cancer diagnosis because it provides detailed cellular-level assessment of tissue morphology. However, ma...