Pulmonology

Advancing Lung Disease Diagnosis in 3D CT Scans

To enable more accurate diagnosis of lung disease in chest CT scans, we propose a straightforward yet effective model. Firstly, we analyze the characteristics of 3D CT scans and remove non-lung regions, which helps the model focus on lesion-related areas and reduces computational cost. We adopt ResNeSt50 as a strong feature extractor, and use a weighted cross-entropy loss to mitigate class imbal...

Cardiorespiratory coupling improves cardiac pumping efficiency in heart failure

Recent trials of a neuronal pacemaker have shown that cardiac pumping efficiency increases when respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is artificially restored in animal models of heart failure. This novel device sheds new light on the functional role of RSA, which has long been debated, by allowing the strength of cardiorespiratory coupling to be artificially varied. Here we show that RSA minimizes...

Current State of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Imaging.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis is complex, continuously evolving, and increasingly reliant on thin-section chest CT. Multidisciplinary disc...

Do You Believe in Magic? Computed Tomography, Artificial Intelligence, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Towards Investigating Residual Hearing Loss: Quantification of Fibrosis in a Novel Cochlear OCT Dataset.

OBJECTIVE: Cochlear implants (CIs) are bionic prostheses that restores hearing via electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Hybrid CIs, which use...

DETECTION OF HYPOVOLEMIA BY THE HYPOTENSION PREDICTION INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL MICROCIRCULATION DYSFUNCTION IN A PORCINE MODEL OF HEMORRHAGE.

Background: Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common complication following critical illness. The splanchnic circulation is sensiti...

A Deep Learning Model Based on High-Frequency Ultrasound Images for Classification of Different Stages of Liver Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To develop a deep learning model based on high-frequency ultrasound images to classify different stages of liver fibrosis in chro...

Digital Pathology Quantification of the Continuum of Cirrhosis Severity in Human Liver Biopsies.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis in cirrhotic livers, yet cirrhosis is spatially heterogeneous and contin...

Digital Histopathology and AI: A New Era of Liver Fibrosis Quantification.

Predicting Primary Graft Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis Lung Transplantation Using Machine-Learning and CT Features.

INTRODUCTION: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a significant barrier to survival in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. PGD in patients with systemic ...

Deep Learning Models for CT Segmentation of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, Bacterial Pneumonia and Tuberculosis: A Multicentre Study.

BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), pulmonary mucormycosis (PM), bacterial pneumonia (BP) and pulmonary ...

Automatic Detection of B-Lines in Lung Ultrasound Based on the Evaluation of Multiple Characteristic Parameters Using Raw RF Data.

B-line artifacts in lung ultrasound, pivotal for diagnosing pulmonary conditions, warrant automated recognition to enhance diagnostic accuracy. In thi...

A comparative analysis of metamodels for 0D cardiovascular models, and pipeline for sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation, and uncertainty quantification.

Zero-dimensional (0D) cardiovascular models are reduced-order models aimed at studying the global dynamics of the whole circulation system or transpor...

Spatiotemporal calcium signaling patterns underlying opposing effects of histamine and TAS2R agonists in airway smooth muscle.

Intracellular calcium (Ca) release via phospholipase C (PLC) following G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation is typically linked to membrane de...

Predictive modeling of ARDS mortality integrating biomarker/cytokine, clinical and metabolomic data.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), characterized by the rapid onset of respiratory failure and mortality rates of ∼40%, remains a significant...

Development and validation of a machine learning-based diagnostic model for identifying nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in suspected patients: a multicenter cohort study.

UNLABELLED: This study aims to develop and validate an optimized diagnostic model for nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among susp...

Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) Algorithm to Maintain High Image Quality and Diagnostic Accuracy in Quadruple-low CT Angiography of Children with Pulmonary Sequestration: A Case Control Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: CT angiography (CTA) is a commonly used clinical examination to detect abnormal arteries and diagnose pulmonary sequestratio...

Mechanically assisted non-invasive ventilation for liver SABR: Improve CBCT, treat more accurately.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) during liver stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAB...

Volatomics for Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of MASLD: A Proof-Of-Concept Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Human breath contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by physiological and metabolic processes or perturbed i...

Machine Learning-Based Prediction to Support ICU Admission Decision Making among Very Old Patients with Respiratory Infections: A Proof of Concept on a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

BackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) hospitalizations of very old patients with acute respiratory infection have risen. The decision-making process for...