Pulmonology

Mitochondrial mt12361A>G increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among non-diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs oxidative phosphorylation and increases reactive oxygen species production, leading to steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a potent tool for disease diagnos...

LLMs in Disease Diagnosis: A Comparative Study of DeepSeek-R1 and O3 Mini Across Chronic Health Conditions

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing medical diagnostics by enhancing both disease classification and clinical decision-making. In this study, we evaluate the performance of two LLM- based diagnostic tools, DeepSeek R1 and O3 Mini, using a structured dataset of symptoms and diagnoses. We assessed their predictive accuracy at both the disease and category levels, as well as the reliab...

CPLOYO: A Pulmonary Nodule Detection Model with Multi-Scale Feature Fusion and Nonlinear Feature Learning

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in pulmonary nodule detection significantly enhances the intelligence and real-time capabilit...

Evaluation of state-of-the-art deep learning models in the segmentation of the heart ventricles in parasternal short-axis echocardiograms

Previous studies on echocardiogram segmentation are focused on the left ventricle in parasternal long-axis views. In this study, deep-learning model...

Are ECGs enough? Deep learning classification of cardiac anomalies using only electrocardiograms

Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential tool for diagnosing multiple cardiac anomalies: it provides valuable clinical insights, while being afford...

SHAP-Integrated Convolutional Diagnostic Networks for Feature-Selective Medical Analysis

This study introduces the SHAP-integrated convolutional diagnostic network (SICDN), an interpretable feature selection method designed for limited d...

Modeling HIF-ILK Interaction Using Continuous Petri Nets

Oxygen concentration in tumor micro-environment is a well-established signal that can induce aggressive cancer behaviour. In particular, low oxygen ...

Synthetic Lung X-ray Generation through Cross-Attention and Affinity Transformation

Collecting and annotating medical images is a time-consuming and resource-intensive task. However, generating synthetic data through models such as ...

SHIP: A Shapelet-based Approach for Interpretable Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony Detection

Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is a common and critical issue during mechanical ventilation, affecting up to 85% of patients. PVA can result in...

[Scale-invariant feature-enhanced deep learning framework for oral mucosal lesion segmentation].

To develop PixelSIFT-UNet, a novel semantic segmentation model that integrates deep learning with scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm ...

FMT:A Multimodal Pneumonia Detection Model Based on Stacking MOE Framework

Artificial intelligence has shown the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy through medical image analysis for pneumonia diagnosis. However, trad...

Machine learning-based models for advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its associated risk of adverse outcomes, particularly in patients with a...

Screening of mitochondrial-related biomarkers connected with immune infiltration for acute respiratory distress syndrome through WGCNA and machine learning.

Septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex and noteworthy type, but its molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim...

Machine learning-based risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic lung diseases.

The association between chronic lung diseases (CLDs) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively recognized. Nevertheless, con...

Federated Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting for Individual Treatment Effect Estimation

Individual treatment effect (ITE) estimation is to evaluate the causal effects of treatment strategies on some important outcomes, which is a crucia...

Periodontal Bone Loss Analysis via Keypoint Detection With Heuristic Post-Processing

Calculating percentage bone loss is a critical test for periodontal disease staging but is sometimes imprecise and time consuming when manually calc...

Beyond H&E: Unlocking Pathological Insights with Polarization via Self-supervised Learning

Histopathology image analysis is fundamental to digital pathology, with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as the gold standard for diagnostic and...

RiskAgent: Autonomous Medical AI Copilot for Generalist Risk Prediction

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various clinical applications has attracted growing research attention. However, real-world clini...

Two-Stream Thermal Imaging Fusion for Enhanced Time of Birth Detection in Neonatal Care

Around 10% of newborns require some help to initiate breathing, and 5\% need ventilation assistance. Accurate Time of Birth (ToB) documentation is e...

BiasICL: In-Context Learning and Demographic Biases of Vision Language Models

Vision language models (VLMs) show promise in medical diagnosis, but their performance across demographic subgroups when using in-context learning (...