Pulmonology

Efficient Classification of Pulmonary Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Alongside Normal and Non-X-ray Images with Minimal Resources and Maximum Accuracy

Pneumonia, primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continue to present significant global health challenges. Pneumonia is responsible for 14% of deaths among children under five, resulting in 740,180 fatalities annually [1]. Similarly, TB caused 1.25 million deaths in 2022, including 161,000 among individuals with HIV [2]. Misdiagn...

Deep Learning–Based Early Detection of Major Adverse Cerebral Injuries in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

Despite advances in central nervous system (CNS)-protective anesthetic and surgical strategies, perioperative stroke remains a significant concern in high-risk cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS). Early detection, facilitating timely and prompt intervention, is often hindered by sedation and mechanical ventilation (MV) in the immediate postoperative period. This study aimed to develop and v...

Deep Learning Chest X-Ray Age, Epigenetic Aging Clocks and Associations with Age-Related Subclinical Disease in the Project Baseline Health Study

Chronological age is a cornerstone of medical decision-making but is limited because individuals age at different rates. We recently released an open-...

Machine learning models for tuberculous pleural effusion diagnosis in Africa setting

Traditional diagnostic methods for Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) are often limited by their invasiveness, low sensitivity, and lack of accessibil...

Leveraging Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcomes Trajectories to Predict Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Despite their potential, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are often underutilized in clinical decision-making, especially when improvements in PROs do...

SYSTEMS AND NETWORK BIOLOGY ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH MACHINE LEARNING IDENTIFIES KEY IMMUNE RESPONSE PROFILES AND POTENTIAL CORRELATES OF PROTECTION FOR THE M72/AS01E TUBERCULOSIS VACCINE

Tuberculosis claims around 1.5 million lives annually. The M72/AS01E vaccine candidate is an innovative effort demonstrating a 50% reduction in the in...

Assessing Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in COPD Subjects with and without Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Individuals homozygous for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Z allele (Pi*ZZ) exhibit heterogeneity in COPD risk. COPD occurrence in non-smokers with AAT ...

Fusing Data from CT Deep Learning, CT Radiomics and Peripheral Blood Immune profiles to Diagnose Lung Cancer in Symptomatic Patients

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Diagnosis at late stages is common due to the largely non-specific nature of presenting sym...

A Lung CT Foundation Model Facilitating Disease Diagnosis and Medical Imaging

The concomitant development and evolution of lung computed tomography (CT) and artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed non-invasive lung imaging to b...

An autoantibody-based machine learning classifier for the detection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

The humoral immune system plays a significant role in the immune response to cancer but is challenging to study at scale. We used programmable phage i...

SEVERITY OF LUNG OBSTRUCTION AND OLDER AGE, BUT NOT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PREDICT LOCOMOTOR MUSCLE OXIDATIVE IMPAIRMENT IN COPD

Low muscle oxidative capacity is an extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with unclear etiology. We sought to d...

A Multi-pathogen Hospitalization Forecasting Model for the United States: An Optimized Geo-Hierarchical Ensemble Framework

Accurate forecasting of infectious diseases is crucial for timely public health response. Ensemble frameworks have shown promising outcomes in short-t...

NutriSighT: Interpretable Transformer Model for Dynamic Prediction of Hypocaloric Enteral Nutrition in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Achieving adequate enteral nutrition among mechanically ventilated patients is challenging, yet critical. We developed NutriSighT, a transformer model...

A deep learning model for clinical outcome prediction using longitudinal inpatient electronic health records

Recent advances in deep learning show significant potential in analyzing continuous monitoring electronic health records (EHR) data for clinical outco...

Development and External Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Restriction from Spirometry

Though European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society (ERS/ATS) guidelines for pulmonary function test (PFT) interpretation recommend the ...

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Adverse Events after Cardiac Surgery

Early recognition of adverse events after cardiac surgery is vital for treatment. However, the widely used Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) risk mode...

Integration of CA attention and KAN algorithm to predict EGFR mutation status in lung cancer

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations are critical biomarkers for targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, conve...

Alterations in the hepatic microenvironment following direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C

Background and aims. The first direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat the viral hepatitis C (HCV) became available in 2011. Despite numerous clinica...

Bridging the Anesthesia Digital Data Gap in Low-Middle-Income Countries: Computer Vision-Ready Paper Health Records

Surgical mortality is the third leading cause of death globally, with mortality rates in Africa double those of high-income countries despite patients...

Machine Learning Models for Dynamic Assessment of Extubation Readiness in Pediatric Critical Care

Determining the optimal timing for extubation in critically ill children remains challenging, with premature extubation leading to increased morbidity...