Pulmonology

Short-Term Mortality After Opioid Initiation Among Opioid-Naïve and Non-Naïve Patients with Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Despite the ongoing opioid epidemic, the mortality risk of opioid initiation in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains understudied despite their vulnerability. This study evaluates mortality risks associated with opioid use in patients diagnosed with dementia or MCI by comparing outcomes between new and consistent users. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using d...

Integrating Nowcasts into an Ensemble of Data-Driven Forecasting Models for SARI Hospitalizations in Germany

Predictive epidemic modeling can enhance situational awareness during emerging and seasonal outbreaks and has received increasing interest in recent years. A common distinction is between nowcasting, which corrects recent incidence data for reporting delays, and forecasting, which predicts future trends. This paper presents an integrated system for nowcasting and multi-model short-term forecasting...

MUTATE: A Human Genetic Atlas of Multi-organ AI Endophenotypes using GWAS Summary Statistics

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into imaging genetics to provide intermediate phenotypes (i.e., endophenotypes) that bri...

XGBoost-Based Prediction of ICU Mortality in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Patients Using MIMIC-IV Database with Validation from eICU Database

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (SA-AKI) leads to high mortality in intensive care. This study develops machine learning models using the Medica...

Modulated smooth muscle cells accumulate late in human coronary atherosclerosis and are temporally and spatially linked to necrotic core formation

Proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their modulation to alternative mesenchymal phenotypes is a central mechanism in the growth o...

Unbiased multi-omics network-based data integration allows clinically relevant outcome-predicting clustering of individuals with heart failure

Heart failure is a multifaceted clinical syndrome, in which the heart fails to supply adequate blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrients needs. Ev...

Foundation time series models for forecasting and policy evaluation in infectious disease epidemics

Epidemic forecasting and policy evaluation rely on mathematical models to predict infectious disease trends and assess the impact of public health pol...

Machine learning models predict long COVID outcomes based on baseline clinical and immunologic factors

The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as long COVID, remain a significant health issue that is incompletely understood. Predicting ...

Identifying clusters of people with Multiple Long-Term Conditions using Large Language Models: a population-based study

Identifying clusters of people with similar patterns of Multiple Long-Term Conditions (MLTC) could help healthcare services to tailor management for e...

Plasma proteomics for novel biomarker discovery in childhood tuberculosis

Failure to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis disease (TB) and initiate treatment is a driving factor of TB as a leading cause of death in children. Curren...

Quality of Human Expert vs. Large Language Model Generated Multiple Choice Questions in the Field of Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a critical competency in critical care training, yet standardized methods for assessing MV-related knowledge are lackin...

A Deep Learning–Based Automated Detection of Mucus Plugs in Chest CT

This study presents a novel two stage deep learning algorithm for automated detection of mucus plugs in CT scans of patients with respiratory diseases...

Establishment of in silico prediction of adjuvant chemotherapy response from active mitotic gene signature in non-small cell lung cancer

Conventional chemotherapeutics exploit cancer’s hallmark of active cell cycling, primarily targeting mitotic cells. Consequently, the mitotic index (M...

Extracting Pulmonary Embolism Diagnoses from Radiology Impressions Using GPT-4o: A Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical condition requiring rapid diagnosis to reduce mortality. Extracting PE diagnoses from radiology reports manually...

Unravelling the Complex Inflammatory Landscape of COVID-19 infection: A Pathway to Biomarkers Identification in Infection-Associated Delirium in the ICU

Delirium is a serious complication in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) admitted to the intensive care unit (I...

Predicting in-hospital indicators from wearable-derived signals for cardiovascular and respiratory disease monitoring: an in silico study

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (CVRD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. The construction of health digital twins for patient monitor...

Evaluating biomedical feature fusion on machine learning’s predictability and interpretability of COVID-19 severity types

Accurately differentiating severe from non-severe COVID-19 clinical types is critical for the healthcare system to optimize workflow. Current techniqu...

MRI-Derived Variables Combined with Machine Learning for Pulmonary Hypertension Risk Prediction: A Retrospective Analysis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe and progressive vascular disease for which early diagnosis and risk stratification are critical for improving ...

Tuberculosis disease severity assessment using clinical variables and radiology enabled by artificial intelligence

Radiology can define tuberculosis (TB) severity and may guide duration of treatment, however the optimal radiological metric to use and which clinical...

A mechanistic neural network model predicts both potency and toxicity of antimicrobial combination therapies

Antimicrobial resistance poses a major global threat due to the diminishing efficacy of current treatments and limited new therapies. Combination ther...