Pulmonology

Development and validation of a machine learning-based model for predicting delirium risk in postoperative brain tumor patients in the Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the incidence and influencing factors of delirium in ICU patients after brain tumor surgery, construct and validate delirium risk prediction models using multiple machine learning algorithms, identify the optimal model, and develop a personalized risk calculation tool to provide evidence-based support for early precise identification of high-risk patients and...

Robust Semi-Supervised CT Radiomics for Lung Cancer Prognosis: Cost-Effective Learning with Limited Labels and SHAP Interpretation.

OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography (CT) imaging is essential for lung cancer (LCa) management, while offering detailed visualization and valuable information for Artificial Intelligence-guided prognosis. Meanwhile, supervised learning (SL) models require extensive labeled data, limiting their real-world utility where annotations are scarce. METHODS: We analyzed CT scans from 977 patients across 12 pub...

From DNA to Drug Discovery AI Models for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the world's leading cause of death-yet the molecular mechanisms linking genetic variation to clinical outcomes are stil...

Association between the PaO2/FiO2-to-PaCO2 ratio and mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective study with dual-cohort validation.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis patients face a high mortality risk. Available prognostic biomarkers have certain limitations. This study explored the prognostic u...

HealthRing: Physiology Dataset for Health Sensing on Rings.

Smart rings enable unobtrusive monitoring of cardiovascular vital signs via photoplethysmography (PPG), yet rigorous validation is limited by the scar...

A CLIP-based framework for multiclass lung histopathology classification with prompt engineering and class-imbalance-aware focal optimization.

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and accurate histopathological classification is essential for ti...

Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics reveal prognostic signatures of phosphoinositide metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most severe malignant tumors. Phosphoinositides metabolism (PIM) plays an important role in maintaining the n...

Artificial intelligence-enabled histological analysis in pre-clinical respiratory disease models: a scoping review.

Histological analysis is a cornerstone of pre-clinical respiratory disease research. It enables assessment of pathology, therapeutic effects, and mech...

High spatiotemporal resolution assessment of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and respiratory health inequality in Thailand.

Air pollution remains a critical environmental health challenge in Thailand, yet evidence linking high-resolution exposure to short-term respiratory h...

Observational study of predictors and outcomes of lung cancer in never-smokers in the UK (OLIVE): study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is commonly associated with smoking. However, if considered separately, lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) is the seventh ...

Deep-learning based image reconstruction enables reduced dose CT pulmonary angiography with non-inferior image quality.

To investigate whether a CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) protocol with reduced radiation dose and deep-learning based image reconstruction (DLIR) is n...

Deep learning approach for probabilistic pulmonary function estimation from chest X-ray and peak expiratory flow rate.

BACKGROUND: Spirometry remains the gold standard for assessing pulmonary function. Deep learning models have demonstrated potential for estimating mea...

Multi-omics reveals fibroblast subtypes with distinct roles in inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving complex interactions among epi...

Entropy-Enabled Stabilization and Activity Enhancement of Ruthenium Oxides for Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

Achieving both high catalytic activity and long-term electrochemical stability remains a central challenge for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) ...

Identification of Centrosome Duplication-Related Biomarkers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Through Integrative Multi-Omics, Single-Cell Transcriptomics, and Experimental Validation.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent inherited cardiovascular disorder characterized by ventricular wall thickening and myocar...

Development of a Computed Tomography Enterography Based Radiomics Model to Characterize Inflammation, Fibrosis and Smooth Muscle Thickening in Stricturing Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Computed tomography enterography (CTE) is a non-invasive cross-sectional imaging modality routinely used for diagnosis of Crohn's dis...

Prediction of hospitalisation in young children with pneumonia in Malawi: A machine learning-based approach.

BACKGROUND: Globally, pneumonia remains the single biggest cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. This study sought to train and test a ...

Low Rates of Fibrosis in Eyes Treated with the Port Delivery Platform with Ranibizumab or with Monthly Ranibizumab in the Archway Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the proportion of eyes with fibrosis in the Archway neovascular age-related macular degeneration trial, which compared efficacy a...

Development of a machine learning-based prediction model for hypothyroidism-associated delirium in elderly hypothyroid patients in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Patients with hypothyroidism admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop hypothyroidism-associated delirium (HAD), a cond...

Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis: plain CT with clinical indicators-diagnostic performance and clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT) is a rare but serious condition, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms and potentially lead...