Pulmonology

Evaluation of AI-Driven Automatic Segmentation Algorithms for Lung Shunt Fraction Estimation in 90Y-Labeled Microsphere Therapy.

90Y-labeled microsphere (90Y-microsphere) hepatic arterial radioembolization is a direct treatment for hepatic neoplasms. Before therapy, the fraction of 90Y-microspheres that may shunt past the liver to the lungs, or lung shunt fraction (LSF), is estimated using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin. LSF is commonly estimated using regions of interest around the lungs and liver on planar images, a method...

MIMIC-III-Ext-PPG, a PPG-based Benchmark Dataset for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Signal Analysis.

We present MIMIC-III-Ext-PPG, a large-scale, quality-assessed photoplethysmography (PPG) dataset derived from the matched waveform subset of MIMIC-III. Our dataset provides 30-second PPG segments with annotations tailored for various cardiovascular and respiratory analyses. In particular, with 6.3 million segments from 6,189 subjects, it represents the largest publicly available resource for heart...

Stacked CT radiomics, deep learning and clinical feature models for differentiating benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.

External validation of ECG artificial intelligence for emergency and cardiac assessment across a large-scale U.S. healthcare system.

An ECG-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was previously developed to generate ten digital biomarkers for emergency and cardiac assessment and i...

Structural determinants of pulmonary diffusing capacity identified by network analysis and machine learning on quantitative CT.

Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) reflects pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, but its measurement and interpretation remain challenging du...

The ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 regulates epithelial pyroptosis in severe asthma.

BACKGROUND: Severe asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and epithelial injury. Pyroptosis, a Caspase-1-dependent inflammatory cel...

Accurate profiling of single-cell alternative transcript start sites by correcting RNA degradation.

The generation of transcript variants via alternative utilisation of transcription start sites (TSSs) is a pivotal regulatory mechanism in physiologic...

Risk prediction models for imported infectious diseases: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate prediction models for imported infectious diseases are essential for early warning, cross-border surveillance, and resource alloc...

Exploration of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and regulatory mechanisms in two diseases (sarcopenia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) based on transcriptome and machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia (SP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are debilitating diseases, but share ferroptosis-related biomarkers and their regu...

Automated Detection of Pediatric Pneumonia via Clinically Driven AI Analysis of Lung Ultrasound.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia due to its bedside accessibility, radiation-free nature, and high di...

Ensemble localized patch residual convolution neural networks for pneumonia detection using chest X-ray.

Prospective genomic and epidemiologic surveillance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary NICU.

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (Kp) is a relevant neonatal pathogen colonizing preterm infants. While outbreak investigations often focus o...

Systems Biology Identifies TARS2 as a Cardiomyocyte Regulator of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of heart failure, is characterized by progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and mitochondrial dysfunction;...

Dual-Sabatier Optima: How Reaction Mechanism Determines Activity Volcano Map of Dual-Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have demonstrated superior potential in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the single-peak activity volcano deri...

Machine Learning Models Using Hospital Admission Characteristics Do Not Optimally Predict Nosocomial Infection Development in a Global Cirrhosis Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections (NI) in cirrhosis are associated with high mortality but could be preventable. Logistic regression (LR) models have ...

AI in Point-of-Care Imaging for Clinical Decision Support: Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy, Task-Shifting, and Explainability.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with point-of-care imaging is a promising approach to expand access in settings with limited speci...

Artificial intelligence for detecting acute heart failure on chest CT: prospective clinical proof-of-concept validation.

OBJECTIVE: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common but underrecognized cause of dyspnea. Chest computed tomography (CT) can accurately assess pulmonary ...

Machine learning-advanced hydrogel-based transcription-coupled positive-feedback CRISPR/Cas13a analysis for novel microRNA signatures in differential diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold significant potential as biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, miRNAs remain un...

Deep feature optimization using fusion of multiple self-supervised learning approaches and filter-based feature selection for lung cancer histopathology classification.

One of the most deadly illnesses in the world is lung cancer, and increasing survival rates require early detection. Lung cancer diagnostics from the ...

AI-driven discovery of natural product-derived FAK1 inhibitors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.