Pulmonology

Updating CMV protocols in lung transplant patients: a single-center case study modeling use of generative AI for antimicrobial stewardship protocol development and economic impact analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) need healthcare economic analyses to support and inform ASP strategies. This work aimed to determine whether widely available artificial intelligence (AI) platforms like Microsoft CopilotTM could facilitate healthcare economics analyses for ASP programs without dedicated healthcare economic supports. DESIGN: AI (Microsoft CopilotTM) was prompted...

Impact of middle meningeal artery embolization on neurological complications and discharge outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma: A machine learning-based comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) predominantly affects older adults, often those with prior head trauma, anticoagulation therapy, or chronic comorbidities. Traditional management involves surgical evacuation; however, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has emerged as a less invasive alternative with the potential for fewer complications. This study compares outcomes of surgic...

Noninvasive prediction of severe histopathology in drug-induced liver injury using a dual elastography-based machine learning model.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model integrating dual elastography, clinical features, and serum biomarkers for noninvasi...

Acute brain dysfunction clusters in COVID-19: a pilot machine learning-based analysis of the COVID-D cohort.

PURPOSE: While acute brain dysfunction (ABD, i.e., delirium and coma) is associated with significantly increased morbidity in critically ill patients,...

Machine learning-based prediction of 30-day mortality in critically ill patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis patients in the ICU face a high risk of mortality. While traditional ICU scoring systems are not specifically designe...

Knowledge-based treatment planning in breast cancer radiotherapy: comparing different machine learning algorithms.

Knowledge-based planning (KBP) has emerged as a promising approach to improve the consistency and efficiency of radiotherapy by utilizing prior clinic...

Exploring the gut-lung axis in post-liver transplant acute lung injury: A multi-omics approach.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant post-operative complication of liver transplant (LT), with mounting evidence suggesting a role for the gut-lu...

Predicting 5-Year Mortality in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using the Korean Central Cancer Registry: Model Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, making prognostic pr...

Digital Hydrogel Fluorescent-Enhancing Microspheres via CRISPR/Cas12a for Amplification-Free Relative Quantification of Nucleic Acids.

CRISPR/Cas systems hold great promise for molecular diagnostics, but their amplification-free applications are hampered by weak signals and poor quant...

Deep learning-based spatiotemporal estimation of lesion changes for patient-level assessment of breast cancer lung metastases on longitudinal CT.

Clinical management of breast cancer lung metastasis is challenging because of the complexity of dynamic lesion assessment. Traditional methods based ...

Integrated transcriptomics, network pharmacology and clinical expression validation reveal the prognostic significance of PANoptosis-related genes in cordycepin-treated lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that PANoptosis is increasingly involved in cancer and cancer treatment. The Cordycepin has also been found to be invol...

Deep learning layer-specific collagen quantification correlates with activity and is associated with outcomes in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal fibrosis remains a major unmet need in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although collagen deposition is the defining fe...

Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis reveals a baicalein-responsive 10-gene signature for non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Baicalein, a natural flavonoid, has show...

CT ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION AND LUNG EVOLUTION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS AFTER ELEXACAFTOR-TEZACAFTOR-IVACAFTOR: A COHORT STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor (ETI) therapy markedly improves pulmonary function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) but induces weig...

Machine learning methods identified cellular senescence-related hub molecules in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their upstream regulatory network.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced ARDS demonstrated greater severity and higher mortality compared to ARDS triggered by other factors. In this article, we co...

Emerging Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Care.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), predictive analytics and other tools are rapidly changing...

Diagnostic accuracy of AI-Based models for pulmonary edema detection: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs that impairs gas exchange. Machine learning mode...

An interpretable machine-learning model for post-admission reassessment of bloodstream infection risk in ICU patients with pneumonia.

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a machine learning-based predictive model to assess the risk of acquired bloodstream infection (BSI) ...

Cross-population validation of the TyG-ABSI index as a novel predictor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an integrated analysis using logistic regression and explainable machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory condition closely linked to metabolic d...

Can AI chatbots effectively respond inquiries for patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension about exercise and physical activity: A comparative study of three chatbots.

OBJECTIVE: The utilization of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in the healthcare field is increasingly prevalent. Nonetheless, the quality of re...