Pulmonology

Initial experience of deep learning reconstruction algorithm in lung kernel: clinical usefulness for lung nodules at ultra-low-dose protocol.

OBJECTIVES: TrueFidelity (TF), a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm that was originally available only in standard kernel, has recently become available in lung kernel. This is the first study to assess TF in lung kernel (TF Lung) on image quality and nodule sharpness at ultra-low-dose CT (ULD CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included patients who underwent both non-contrast ULD CT...

Deep Learning-Based Estimated Pulmonary Biological Age From Chest Computed Tomography Images in Healthy Adults: Model Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Estimated pulmonary biological age (ePBA) has emerged as a more reliable indicator for disease progression and mortality than chronological age, with chest computed tomography (CT) as a promising tool for calculating ePBA. However, the lack of models trained and validated with large-scale healthy adults hinders the generalizability of the CT-based ePBA. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to de...

[Annual progress in critical care of pulmonary medicine 2025].

This review systematically summarizes the annual research advances in the field of critical care of pulmonary, with a focus on pulmonary and critical ...

[Annual progress of interventional pulmonology in 2025].

In 2025, interventional pulmonology continues to progress rapidly through technological innovation and multidisciplinary integration, playing an incre...

Exploring the mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils against sepsis based on immune model.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a major global health chall...

Evaluating the ability of generative AI to standardize TNM staging data in lung cancer.

This study evaluates the ability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models to standardize tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging data in lung can...

Mathematical fidelity vs. perceptual realism: A multi-center study of super-resolution radiomics for lung adenocarcinoma invasiveness.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal super-resolution (SR) architecture for radiomics by comparing three models (Residual Channel Attention Network (RCA...

TRIM36 and CAMK2N2 regulate ferroptosis and antigen presentation in small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is closely linked to tumor antigen presentation: it affect...

Efficient Deep Ladle-Net for fast universal 3D lesion segmentation on chest-abdomen-pelvis computed tomography.

Accurate evaluation of tumor size on follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans is critical for assessing treatment efficacy in cancer patients. However...

Targeting metabolism to combat anticancer and antibacterial drug resistance.

Drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer and infectious diseases, requiring innovative solutions. Recent research suggests that bacteria and can...

Performance of an artificial intelligence-based software in detecting pneumothorax on supine chest radiographs: a retrospective study.

Fingerprinting Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Enables Multiplexed Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a highly specific technique for pathogenic bacteria detection that requires no culturing and provides sim...

AI-Enhanced Conversational Agents for Personalized Asthma Support in People With Asthma: Factors for Engagement, Value, and Efficacy in a Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma-related deaths in the United Kingdom are the highest in Europe, and only 30% of patients access basic care. There is a need for alt...

Deep learning-based 4D robust optimization of intensity-modulated proton therapy for lung cancer radiotherapy.

Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) provides steep dose gradients but is vulnerable to range uncertainties and respiratory motion, leading to in...

Optimizing Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Red Flags in RASopathies.

RASopathies are a group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) signaling pathway, o...

Definitions of early COPD and predictors for disease progression: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to represent the initial phase of the disease. However, inconsistent te...

Nephropathy 1 Formula (N1F) mitigates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting TAK1-dependent NF-κB signaling.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nephropathy 1 Formula (N1F) derives from the classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription Biejia Jian Wan...

An automated framework for quantitative alveolar bone loss using deep learning-based landmark detection.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate an automated framework for full-mouth quantification of radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL) on panoramic radiogra...

A lightweight CNN for enhanced non-small cell lung cancer classification using CT scan image.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its early and accurate detection is critical for improving patient outcomes....

Towards fully automated synthetic ECV quantification: an open-access machine learning-based approach for fast blood draw-free CMR.

Extracellular volume (ECV) quantification involves time-consuming multi-step post-processing and a blood draw for hematocrit analysis. This study aime...