Pulmonology

Systems Biology Identifies TARS2 as a Cardiomyocyte Regulator of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of heart failure, is characterized by progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and mitochondrial dysfunction; yet, the molecular drivers of mitochondrial oxidative stress (MitOS) remain unclear. By integrating bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics with machine learning, we identified threonyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (TARS2) as a CM-enriched regulator of ...

Dual-Sabatier Optima: How Reaction Mechanism Determines Activity Volcano Map of Dual-Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have demonstrated superior potential in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the single-peak activity volcano derived from classical associative mechanism is contrast to the large-scale experimental data from the Digital Catalysis Platform (DigCat). Herein, we studied ORR over 200 DACs from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, and found that the dissociative ...

Machine Learning Models Using Hospital Admission Characteristics Do Not Optimally Predict Nosocomial Infection Development in a Global Cirrhosis Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections (NI) in cirrhosis are associated with high mortality but could be preventable. Logistic regression (LR) models have ...

AI in Point-of-Care Imaging for Clinical Decision Support: Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy, Task-Shifting, and Explainability.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with point-of-care imaging is a promising approach to expand access in settings with limited speci...

Artificial intelligence for detecting acute heart failure on chest CT: prospective clinical proof-of-concept validation.

OBJECTIVE: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common but underrecognized cause of dyspnea. Chest computed tomography (CT) can accurately assess pulmonary ...

Machine learning-advanced hydrogel-based transcription-coupled positive-feedback CRISPR/Cas13a analysis for novel microRNA signatures in differential diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold significant potential as biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, miRNAs remain un...

Deep feature optimization using fusion of multiple self-supervised learning approaches and filter-based feature selection for lung cancer histopathology classification.

One of the most deadly illnesses in the world is lung cancer, and increasing survival rates require early detection. Lung cancer diagnostics from the ...

AI-driven discovery of natural product-derived FAK1 inhibitors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Machine learning-enabled diagnosis of viral respiratory infections from exhaled volatile organic compound analysis.

Increasing value in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA) with precision health: a continuing landmark collaboration with the Department of Energy.

OBJECTIVE: Phase II of MVP-CHAMPION, a federal collaboration between the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA) and the Department of Energy (DoE), l...

Interstitial cation defect chemistry and correlated disorder in melilite solid electrolytes.

Solid electrolytes are fundamental to fuel cells, batteries, sensors and electrolysers. Among them, melilite oxides are promising oxide-ion solid elec...

EPIMETRIC: A cfDNA Methylation-Based Algorithm for COPD Diagnosis and Stratification.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a blood-based algorithm using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiles to diagnose and stratify patients with COPD according t...

Prediction of trajectories and outcomes in early-stage metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a narrative review.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder, with manifestations ranging from steato...

Real-Time Evaluation of a Large Language Model for Clinical Practice Guideline Development.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of a large language model (LLM) for performing each of the steps of clinical prac...

AI-Based Denoising for Simulated Dose Reduction in Pediatric Chest Radiography: A Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of Image Quality and Diagnostic Performance.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Radiation dose reduction in pediatric chest radiography is a clinical priority due to increased radiosensitivity and cumulat...

Rehospitalization in Preterm Infants: Machine Learning Prediction Model & Associated Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preterm birth is a major global health concern, with preterm infants (PI) at increased risk of morbidity and rehospitalizat...

Convolutional neural networks quantify antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with diagnostic grade accuracy and predict treatment response.

There is considerable interest in training machine learning (ML) models on genomic data that achieve clinical grade diagnostic accuracy. Many successf...

Prediction of the respiratory disease incidence based on environmental factors using machine learning techniques in Penang, Malaysia.

Traditional statistical models often struggle to accurately predict global burden of respiratory diseases due to the complex and interdependent nature...

Identification and validation of biomarkers related to lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on transcriptomics data.

Topo-UNet: A topology-aware multi-task network for pulmonary vessel segmentation.

The precise segmentation of pulmonary vessels is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, vessel images are frequ...