Pulmonology

Three-dimensional oxygen maps of tumors in real time - Analysis in the context of active tumor vasculature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) requires integrating multiple physiological features, including oxygenation, vascularity, and redox status. While EPR oxygen imaging (EPROI) provides spatial pO₂ maps, conventional metrics such as median pO₂ or hypoxic fraction (HF) may not fully capture vascular characteristics. This study aimed to identify EPROI-derived pa...

Adapting the REVEAL Lite 2 score to the pediatric population through machine learning: insights from the REHIPED registry for pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Risk scores for pulmonary hypertension (PH) have been proven useful in adults. However, no risk score has been validated in pediatric populations. Our aim was to adapt the REVEAL Lite 2 score to pediatrics, including groups 1 (pulmonary arterial hypertension) and 3 (PH associated with lung diseases). METHODS: We used data from the REHIPED, which is the PH registry of t...

Percutaneous Lung Biopsies Aided by Artificial Intelligence: A Comparison Between Computer and Physician-Chosen Biopsy Paths.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Trajectory Recommendation Algorithm for CT-guided Biopsy (TRAX)-generated lung biopsy puncture pathways versus physician-chosen ...

IL11⁺ fibroblasts are implicated in non-response to anti-TNFα via fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently accompanied by intestinal fibrosis, with non-response (NR) to long-term anti-tumor necrosis factor α (a...

Machine learning analysis of continuous glucose monitoring identifies a novel dysglycemic phenotype found in most people with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), yet traditional diagnostic tools s...

Updates on tuberculosis imaging.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges persist des...

Machine learning identifies prognosticators of intracranial metastatic disease in patients with breast or lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial metastatic disease is a severe complication of cancer that confers substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients with breast ...

Comprehensive analysis of predictive models for disease manifestations and case fatality in systemic lupus erythematosus.

This systematic review evaluated the performance and risk of bias in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) disease manifestations and case fatality predi...

Emerging technologies and AI-assisted tools in cardiopulmonary monitoring.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiopulmonary monitoring is fundamental to critical care, yet traditional approaches rely on simplified thresholds that capture o...

Biomarkers of mitochondrial dynamics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Identification and validation through transcriptomic and single-cell analyses.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that has increasingly been associated with dysregulated mitocho...

Artificial Intelligence in Occupational Health Surveillance: Evaluating AI-Assisted ILO Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses.

BACKGROUND: Pneumoconioses remain an important occupational health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The International Labour O...

Artificial intelligence construction: a review of the bridge between CT imaging features of lung ground-glass nodules adenocarcinoma and carcinogenic driver genes.

Lung ground-glass nodules (GGNs) represent a critical early imaging manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma, and exploring the relationship between their...

FOSL2 regulates endothelial cell state and chromatin accessibility in systemic sclerosis pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by fibrosis and vasculopathy affecting the skin and internal organs, leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Inju...

Using a large language model artificial intelligence agent to improve the efficiency of clinical quality measure evidence evaluation: a case study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and performance of a large language model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) agent, implemented within a...

A new era of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer: artificial intelligence-driven multimodal data integration and clinical applications.

Certain characteristics, such as high heterogeneity, a complex tumor microenvironment, metastatic potential, and drug resistance, render Lung cancer (...

DeepFAN, a transformer-based model for human-artificial intelligence collaborative assessment of incidental pulmonary nodules in CT scans: a multireader, multicase trial.

The widespread adoption of computed tomography has increased the detection of lung nodules. However, deep learning methods for classification of benig...

LSTM-GRU hybrid model for multi-layer microclimate prediction in solar greenhouse.

Precise microclimate control across vertical canopy layers is critical for optimizing crop production in horticulture solar greenhouses, yet existing ...

Key factors of the deranged antiviral response in elderly patients with COVID-19: a machine-learning analysis.

Age is a well-known risk factor to develop severe viral respiratory infections, including severe COVID-19. This study aimed to identify the biological...

Multiclass lung cancer detection using a hybrid capsule inspired deep neural network.

Convolutional Neural Networks are widely used in lung cancer detection for more than a decade. However, it suffers from preserving spatial relationshi...

NSUN2 restrains renal fibrosis via m5C-stabilized GPX4 and ferroptosis inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Renal fibrosis (RFib) is a final common pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Although 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modificat...