Radiology

Large Language Models Solving the European Diploma in Radiology: A Comparative Evaluation.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid advancements in multimodal large language models (LLMs) highlight their expanding potential in radiology education and assessment. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of three state-of-the-art LLMs; GPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and Claude 4.5 Sonnet, using a complete, retired version of the European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR) examination. MATERIALS AN...

Automating classification of treatment responses to combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in HCC.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with immunotherapy regimens are now widely used for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their clinical efficacy is limited to a subset of patients. Considering that the vast majority of advanced HCC patients lose the opportunity for liver resection and thus cannot provide tumor tissue samples, we leveraged the clinical and image data to co...

Association of wearable-sensor derived gait measures with cartilage damage over 2 years in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

PURPOSE: Gait affects knee loading. Modifying gait could reduce load and protect against cartilage loss. Our objective is to look for modifiable gait ...

Deep learning-based cerebellar segmentation on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for detecting cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy in infants.

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of cerebellar volume is crucial for diagnosing cerebellar atrophy or hypoplasia in infants. Although deep learning ha...

Artificial intelligence-assisted reading of non-contrast prostate MRI: application and concordance with expert interpretation in a screening population within the PROSA trial.

OBJECTIVES: Non-contrast MRI (bi-parametric MRI-bpMRI) has been investigated as a potential tool to be integrated in clinically significant prostate c...

Explainable ML for ACS culprit plaques: a multidimensional CCTA model highlighting hemodynamic increment.

To develop an interpretable, multi-parameter machine learning (ML) model that integrates plaque morphology, composition, perivascular inflammation, an...

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatology: advancements, key applications and future perspectives.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is widely used in rheumatology to assess peripheral and axial joints and entheses throughout the body. ...

Radiomics analysis of MRI improves prediction of lymph node metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images in preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in laryng...

Patients Are Generally Supportive of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging: A Multisite Survey of Breast Imaging Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perspective of patients undergoing breast imaging on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast cancer screening. ...

Surface Tracking-Assisted Multi-Cycle 4D MRI Motion Modeling for Lung Radiotherapy: A Preliminary Validation Study.

To validate a respiratory motion model that uses real-time electromagnetic (EM) surface tracking acquired concurrently with time-resolved multi-cycle ...

Robotic-Arm Assisted Multi-Apical View 3-D Fusion of Echocardiography for Enhanced Left Ventricular Assessment Using Wavelet.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate assessment of left ventricular (LV) function using three-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) remains limited by suboptimal image q...

An update on the developments and challenges with the diagnosis and classification of autoimmune optic neuritis.

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune optic neuritis (ON) is a heterogeneous spectrum that includes multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder...

Quantitative fat-fraction analysis of the rotator cuff muscles on clinical sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MRI using deep learning algorithms.

Increased fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles is a primary prognostic factor for poor surgical outcomes of rotator cuff repair surgery. Pre...

Anatomy-guided visual prompt tuning for cross-modal breast cancer understanding.

Early and reliable detection of breast cancer across imaging modalities remains a long-standing challenge due to the heterogeneous appearance of lesio...

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Evaluating Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Prospective Observational Studies.

Artificial intelligence (AI) embedded in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) could reduce operator dependence in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF...

Interpretable machine learning based on intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective and single-center study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) model integrating clinical features, ultrasound (US) fea...

Evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence tools on the detection of chest injuries from medical imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There has been a growing interest in the clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in medical imaging to aid diagnosis. T...

Brain Mechanisms of Pain Anticipation in Chronic Low Back Pain: Insights into Phenotypical Responses to Mind-Body Therapy.

Pain perception and emotional processing share common predictive mechanisms influenced by anticipation, expectation, and uncertainty. This study ident...

The application of Machine learning in predicting the outcomes of minimally invasive treatments for uterine Fibroids: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are common benign tumors that impact women's health, particularly through symptoms such as abnormal b...

Establishing an Artificial Intelligence Sandbox for Diagnostic Imaging in Ontario.

Ontario faces persistent diagnostic imaging (DI) challenges, which includes fragmented implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions. The C...