Refractive Surgery

The urinary-metabolite-based lung cancer index (uLCI): an interpretable machine-learning risk model for early-stage disease

BackgroundFive-year survival from lung cancer exceeds 60% at stage I-II but falls below 10% once metastasis occurs. Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduces mortality in heavy smokers but carries a false-positive rate of approximately 29% and is restricted to smoking-based eligibility, leaving most cases undetected. We aimed to develop and independently validate an interpretable machine-learning urina...

Automated ACL Footprint Identification Using 3D Deep Learning

One of the most common reasons for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure is femoral tunnel malpositioning (ACL footprint center and tunnel orientation). Such failures may lead to the development of meniscal pathology and osteoarthritis. Accurate ACL femoral footprint identification is therefore essential for precise tunnel placement, restoration of the native knee joint mechanics...

Intervention-Aware Clinical World Model for Post-Op Outcome Forecasting in Cardiology

Many clinical prediction models treat post-intervention outcomes as a one-step mapping from baseline measurements to a future endpoint. However, recov...

Invertible Logits Transformation for Accuracy-Preserving Post-Hoc Uncertainty Calibration

Post-hoc calibration aligns a classifier's predicted confidences with its empirical accuracy without retraining. An ideal calibrator should correct no...

MoE Proxy Models for Low-Cost Failure Reproduction and Diagnosis in LLM RL Post-Training

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training of large language models (LLMs) is computationally intensive and involves complex system pipelines with subs...

UPolarSQ: Polar Representation Learning for Optic Disc and Peripapillary Atrophy Segmentation and Quantification in Fundus Photographs

Myopia-induced posterior-pole remodeling is frequently accompanied by Optic Disc (OD) deformation and Peripapillary Atrophy (PPA), both of which provi...

A Domain-Structured Ensemble Framework for Perioperative Outcome Prediction Using Electronic Health Record Data

Perioperative risk prediction models are often limited by narrow surgical populations, incomplete intraoperative data, poor calibration, and limited i...

Sample-Adaptive Latent Rewards for Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Post-Training

Latent reward models can supervise visual diffusion models without decoding intermediate states into pixel space. This makes alignment with human pref...

When Do Fewer Visual Tokens Accelerate Multimodal Inference? A Break-Even Study Across Decision Locations and Hardware

Fewer visual tokens do not guarantee lower end-to-end latency. We evaluate break-even with a reproducible protocol that accounts for decision overhead...

Predicting Unplanned Hospital Readmissions in People with Multiple Long-Term Conditions

The prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) is associated with increased healthcare utilisation and an elevated risk of unplanned 30-day h...

A data-driven approach to automate embolism detection in leaves

- Embolism, the formation of air bubbles in the plant water transport system, is a mechanistic driver of plant death. The Optical Vulnerability Techni...

Learning Not to Optimize: Physics-Informed Action-Space Reshaping for Intent-Based Network Control

Modern network policy control maps intent to sequential placement-control decisions. Bellman-style policy optimization primarily asks which action to ...

First Investigation of Deep Learning for Intraoperative Gauze Segmentation in Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery

Surgical gauze is an essential part of surgical procedures, primarily used for controlling bleeding and absorbing bodily fluids. The post-surgical ret...

Interpretable Machine Learning to Improve Donor-Recipient Matching at Time of Heart Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) models have been used to evaluate one-year post-transplant mortality in donor-recipient pairs. Previous modeling uti...

Fine-Grained Emotional Characterization of Dementia Caregivers in Online Support Communities Using Large Language Models

Background: Dementia caregiving carries substantial emotional and psychological consequences, but most evidence comes from structured surveys and inte...

TIGA: Trajectory-Injected Generative Attack against Black-box AIGC Detectors

Recent diffusion models have achieved remarkable realism in facial image synthesis, posing growing challenges to artificial intelligence-generated con...

Face De-Identification: A Domain-Centric Survey from Capture to Processing

Face de-identification (De-ID) aims to remove or conceal personally identifiable facial features in images or videos to prevent identity recognition w...

Myopia Prevention and Control 3.0: Artificial Intelligence--Driven Risk Stratification, Proactive Monitoring, and Personalized Intervention

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), digital sensing, and ubiquitous computing has created an unprecedented opportunity to transform myopi...

MIRAGE: Multi-scale Lesion-Informed Representation with Auxiliary Guidance for MRI Contrast Enhancement

Inferring contrast enhancement from one pre-contrast breast MRI slice is underdetermined: post-contrast appearance contains physiological information ...

GDTR: Layer-wise Settling Depth Reveals Biological Grammar in Genomic Foundation Models

Genomic foundation models capture sequence regularities, yet existing interpretability tools rarely ask where in the layer stack a biological grammar ...