Schizophrenia

Large language models and generative artificial intelligence in endodontics: a scoping review.

The aim of this study is to comprehensively examine the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs), in the field of endodontics under the headings of clinical decision support systems, trauma management, regenerative treatments, patient education, and academic performance. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A se...

The entropic brain today.

Introduced in 2014 and revised in 2018, the entropic brain hypothesis has accrued a wealth of supportive evidence. The hypothesis states that-along a dimension of the size of phenomenal consciousness-expansive states reliably exhibit increased brain entropy whereas the inverse applies for states of no or reduced consciousness. Examples of expansive states include expert meditation, flicker light s...

Comparative evaluation of generative AI models for chest radiograph report generation in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVES: To benchmark medical image-specific vision-language models (VLMs) against real-world radiologist-written reports, focusing on diagnostic q...

Predicting transition to psychiatric disorders in clinical high-risk for psychosis subjects using machine learning and facial features.

BACKGROUND: Clinical-high-risk for psychosis (CHR) status is increasingly viewed as a transdiagnostic risk state, but scalable markers of adverse outc...

Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Platforms for Dental Implant Complications: A Blinded, Expert-Rated Benchmarking Study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare expert-rated diagnostic accuracy, patient safety, completeness of management, and freedom from detectable hallucinations across...

Assessment of OpenEvidence Responses to American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: General-purpose large language models (LLMs) have substantial limitations, including fabricated references and inconsistent c...

AI-driven QSAR modelling and virtual screening in the discovery of selective dopamine D2 receptor ligands.

The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is a key therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders, driving the need for new ligands with improved saf...

Artificial intelligence in the management of chronic pain and lipedema: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-5o, Gemini-3, and perplexity AI in terms of readability and academic reliability.

ObjectivesLipedema is a chronic disorder characterized by pain and disproportionate fat distribution, and its diagnosis is frequently overlooked. The ...

Updating CMV protocols in lung transplant patients: a single-center case study modeling use of generative AI for antimicrobial stewardship protocol development and economic impact analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) need healthcare economic analyses to support and inform ASP strategies. This work aimed to determ...

Brain neuromarkers predict self- and other-related mentalizing across adult, clinical, and developmental samples.

Human social interactions rely on the ability to reflect on one's own and others' internal states and traits-a process known as mentalizing. Impaired ...

Mitigating hallucinations in healthcare AI: a systematic review of evidence-based strategies.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into healthcare applications, but their tendency to generate hallucinations-factu...

Performance Evaluation of GPT-5, Grok 4, and DeepSeek R1 in Interpreting Complete Blood Count Reports for Hematologic Diseases: Retrospective Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate potential in the laboratory, yet rigorous clinical evaluation remains limited. The opacity of LLM...

Exploratory eye movement characteristics to aid screening of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional outpatient study.

Current psychiatric diagnoses lack objective criteria, and this study aims to evaluate EEM as a potential tool for improving diagnostic objectivity ac...

Development of research ethics guidelines for healthcare generative artificial intelligence: deriving expert consensus through a Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: While generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly proliferating in healthcare research and clinical settings, there is a lack of ac...

Prediction of an fMRI-based schizophrenia biomarker from EEG using dynamic functional connectivity: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have identified brain functions associated with psychiatric disorders using...

AI-Assisted Formative Assessment in Clinical Education: From Algorithms to Agency.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping clinical education by embedding assessment and feedback into everyday learning activities. Medical s...

Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report.

BACKGROUND: This case describes a substance-induced manic episode with psychotic features in which interaction with an AI (artificial intelligence) ch...

Heritability of the Olfactory Bulb and Its Associated Brain Network.

The olfactory bulb (OB), the first central relay of the olfactory pathway, plays a critical role in odor perception and exhibits remarkable structural...

Development and External Validation of a Large Language Model-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to guideline-based colonoscopy surveillance intervals remains suboptimal. Large language models (LLMs) show promise for automati...

AI hallucinations in academic writing: implications for research integrity.

As artificial intelligence becomes deeply embedded in scholarly practice, a critical and underexamined threat to research integrity has emerged: AI ha...