Schizophrenia

Ambient AI Scribes to Create Educational Feedback Notes for Medical Students: Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: High-quality observation and feedback contribute to the development of clinical competence and professional growth in medical education. Faculty often struggle to translate verbal observations into written feedback because of documentation burden and competing demands. Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes, already adopted in clinical practice, may address this challenge by capt...

Capturing multi-disease states on a spectrum with machine learning and routine clinical data.

BACKGROUND: Diseases exist on spectra of risk factors, cellular perturbations, organ dysfunction, and clinical manifestations. It is unknown whether the analysis of routine laboratory tests and vitals using artificial intelligence presents a scalable and portable system for capturing the spectral nature of common diseases. METHODS: We constructed and validated machine learning models targeting sev...

Development and evaluation of an effective solubility prediction model for pharmaceuticals in organic solvents using machine learning based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting.

In this work, we have examined the predictive capability of a machine leaning model based on the XGBoost framework as regards the solubility of active...

Large Language Model-Generated Patient Instructions for Prescriptions in Primary Health Care: Preclinical Algorithm Validation.

BACKGROUND: The application of generative artificial intelligence to simplify medication use instructions has the potential to enhance people's health...

Feasibility and challenges of large language model (LLM)-generated neonatal resuscitation simulations: a multicenter exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Simulation-based training (SBT) in neonatal resuscitation has positive impact on educational and neonatal outcomes. However, the implement...

Executive function profiles identify stable schizophrenia subtypes with distinct symptoms, biological markers and treatment responses: a cross-time clustering and validation study.

BACKGROUND: Executive function (EF) is a heterogeneous neuropsychological construct, and impairments in EF dimensions represent a core aspect of psych...

Suicide and self-harm in the age of generative artificial intelligence: The case of ChatGPT and rise of suicide-related lawsuits.

Self-harm and suicide trends have taken a new turn in the era of GenAI and communicative chatbots. Recent OpenAI's own report suggests that 1.2 millio...

Convenience or risk? Understanding users' continuance intention toward AI health assistants.

In recent years, AI health assistants have rapidly proliferated in the field of personal health management, yet systematic explanations of the mechani...

Vision-language models as an integrative layer for clinical artificial intelligence in radiology: A systems-level perspective.

Clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has matured through task-specific tools for detection, segmentation, triage, and quanti...

Combining Anti-Hallucination Strategies for Reliable LLM-Based Clinical Information Extraction.

We present a novel LLM-based approach for medical concept extraction that combines multiple anti-hallucination strategies. Our Streamlit web applicati...

Decoding shared pathogenic networks of oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders to prioritize multi-target therapeutics from natural products.

BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and ...

Inhibitory control deficits and ventral attention network alterations linked to apathy in schizophrenia.

Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated impaired inhibitory control and apathy symptoms, which are characterized by a reduction in self-initiated ...

Hallucination risk and trustworthiness of generative AI systems based on IVMPF-MABAC decision-making strategies.

Hallucination risk and trustworthiness of a generative artificial intelligence system play an important and vital role in daily-life scenarios. The te...

A temporally Anchored Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Patient Education: An IFSO Artificial Intelligence Task Force Multinational Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) offer promising tools for patient education, yet fixed knowledge cutoffs and hallucination risk limit their c...

Large Language Models in Clinical Trial Recruitment: Sociotechnical and Economic Framework Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have shown substantial promise in patient-trial matching, but most published studies still evaluate the perfo...

Chatbot relational dependence and psychosis risk: Conversational artificial intelligence as a potential behavioral addiction context.

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used for emotional support, companionship, and psychological reflection. Their c...

Aging beyond diagnosis: the MRI brain age gap across disorders.

The brain age gap (BAG), the difference between magnetic resonance imaging-predicted brain age and chronological age, is a proposed marker of neurobio...

Multi-objective optimization in population pharmacokinetic model selection and optimization: application of NSGA-II in pyDarwin.

The selection of a "good" model usually involves a combination of objective and subjective criteria. Although many aspects of model quality can be exp...

Accuracy and hallucination behaviors of artificial intelligence-based large language models for dental implant identification on radiographs.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and error patterns of four artificial intelligence-based large language models (LLMs) in identif...

Machine learning-based integration identifies a 10-gene predictive signature and its classification patterns in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritability psychological disorder, however the exact etiology remains unclear, and lack of the reliable ...