Sepsis

Individualised treatment effects of corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has diverse clinical presentations and responses to treatment. For systemic corticosteroids in particular, randomised controlled trials have reported conflicting effects, highlighting the need for individualised treatment strategies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we derived and validated a causal machine learning (ML) framework to estimate individu...

Infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs: prediction models and use of machine learning.

Infection risk is an important consideration during treatment decision-making in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including at the initiation of biologics or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. A number of risk prediction models for serious infection associated with RA treatment currently exist, derived from different patient populations and using conventional statistical approach...

An interpretable machine learning model for early prediction of ESBL-producing bacteraemia in the emergency department.

Empirical antibiotic therapy in the emergency department (ED) is often initiated before susceptibility results are available, risking treatment failur...

Enhancing mortality prediction in septic ICU patients with malignancies through ensemble machine learning: a retrospective cohort study.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), and patients with underlying malignancies are disproportionately affecte...

Fairness in multimodal machine learning applications in clinical decision support: a systematic review.

Multimodal AI models are increasingly used in clinical decision support systems, but fairness appears to be rarely measured. In this systematic review...

Improved 28-day mortality prediction by combining Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-Albumin Ratio(LAR) to lactate-enhanced Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in patients with sepsis: a derivation and validation study.

BACKGROUND: Fast risk stratification is essential for patients with sepsis, a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality, as it guides ...

Association Between the Hemoglobin-to-Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Ratio and Perioperative Mortality Risk in Myasthenia Gravis Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThis study aims to explore the association between the Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio (HRR) and perioperative mortality in mya...

FedPDM-Net: a federated prototype-guided disentangled deep learning framework for explainable malaria detection.

Malaria remains a critical global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings where accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. While de...

Integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the impact of lactate-related genes on prognosis and immune characteristics in HNSCC.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis, accompanied by metabolic reprogramming and tum...

[Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults (2026 edition): protocol].

This document serves as the protocol for the development of the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and V...

Genotypic-phenotypic concordance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from bovine respiratory disease cases.

Pasteurella multocida is a respiratory pathogen that is frequently isolated from cattle suffering from bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a leading cau...

MXene-Configured Intelligent Mask for Long-Term Sleep Breathing Assessment during Assisted Ventilation.

Positive airway pressure therapy serves as a core therapeutic strategy for sleep-disordered breathing, with its efficacy generally evaluated via sleep...

Disparities in severe infection risk associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence from a causal forest analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Severe infections are a primary cause of morbidity and premature mortality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Although S...

A classification model for predicting corticosteroid and cyclosporin: A responsiveness in pediatric idiopathic uveitis.

BACKGROUND: To identify serum metabolic biomarkers that distinguish corticosteroid and cyclosporin A (CS & CsA) resistant pediatric idiopathic uveitis...

A low-cost "plant-scanner" platform for automated detection of Ustilago maydis infection in maize using deep learning.

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungus that causes smut disease in maize, leading to tumor formation on aerial parts of the plant. While U. maydis has...

Explainable early prediction of short-term severe deterioration in gallstone-related biliary disease using MIMIC-IV, eICU, and local real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Patients with gallstone-related biliary disease may deteriorate rapidly before definitive source control. This study aimed to develop an i...

Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals a lactate-driven crosstalk between NFATc4⁺ tumor cells and SPP1⁺ macrophages in glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly lactate metabolism...

An interpretable machine learning model for predicting febrile seizures following enterovirus infection in children.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning model for predicting the risk of FS in children with enterovirus (EV) infectio...

Prediction of future onset of allergic rhinitis and analysis of risk factors in children with food allergy during infancy.

UNLABELLED: The atopic march describes the progression from infantile food allergy (FA) to allergic rhinitis (AR) in later childhood. However, not all...

Artificial Intelligence for Cervical HPV Infection and Lesion Screening: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Its Application Potential and Patient Satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the application potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in screening and diagnosing cervical ...