Smoking & Tobacco

Multi-omics characterization of benzo[a]pyrene toxicity networks identifies SERPINE1 and STK3 as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen predominantly found in tobacco smoke and air pollution, plays a pivotal role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) pathogenesis. However, the molecular networks governing BaP-induced toxicity and programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms in HNSC remain poorly characterized, limiting the development of targeted therapeutic intervent...

Primary infliximab failure in pediatric colonic inflammatory bowel disease: Development of a proteomics predictive model using a prospective Canadian cohort.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to build a serum proteomics-based model to predict primary nonresponse (PNR) to infliximab (IFX) in pediatric colonic inflammatory bowel disease, with early proactive therapeutic drug monitoring. METHODS: Children in the prospective Canadian Children IBD Network with ulcerative colitis (UC), inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U), or colonic Crohn's disease (CD) with ...

Periodontitis Prediction Model Using Linked Electronic Health and Dental Records.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease (PD) is closely linked to systemic health, with established associations with chronic conditions (eg, diabetes, card...

Integrating environmental factors and genetic variants in machine learning to assess occupational noise impact on health.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disorder arising from the interplay between noise, as well as contributions from other environmental an...

Characterising 'Spree Bar': an examination of the popularity, marketing and composition of a vaping device with a nicotine analogue across multiple data streams.

BACKGROUND: Spree Bar, a line of e-cigarette devices introduced in 2023, leverages 6-methylnicotine (6-MN) as its primary ingredient and is available ...

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Tools in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Cardiovascular (CV) risk calculators estimate the likelihood of CV events by integrating factors such as age, sex, blood pressure, lipids, smoking, an...

Evaluating Sociodemographic Biases in Artificial Intelligence-Based Glioblastoma Response Assessment Algorithms.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated bias in various medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI) models, yet the factors underpin...

Development of an explainable machine learning model for predicting depression in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional SHAP-based analysis of NHANES 2009-2023.

Depression (DEP) is a common yet underdiagnosed comorbidity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), worsening glycemic control and increasing ...

Developing an Interpretable Machine Learning Framework to Predict and Analyse Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 2 to 6 Years: A Single-centre Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a prevalent global oral health condition, exerting profound adverse effects on children's oral health, gen...

Reliable detection of Host-Microbe Signatures in cancer using PRISM.

Recent controversy in the cancer microbiome field highlights the need for more reliable microbial detection from human genomic data. Here, we develop ...

Synergistic impact of Gram-negative bacterial co-infection on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients: a machine learning-based risk stratification approach.

BACKGROUND: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly recognized in non-neutropenic patients, where coexisting bacterial infections, part...

A Novel Risk Calculator for Nonhome Discharge after Lower Extremity Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Nonhome discharge (NHD) after lower extremity bypass is associated with discharge delays, increased postdischarge complications, and reduc...

Treating those not ready to quit smoking: Doing harm while trying to help?

INTRODUCTION: Motivation-phase smoking treatment can increase treatment reach and abstinence in persons unmotivated to quit smoking. However, Motivati...

Spine age derived from DXA vertebral fracture assessment images predicts incident fractures and mortality: the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry.

Biological age may better predict health outcomes than chronological age by capturing individual heterogeneity in aging. We investigated whether accel...

Machine Learning Approach to Predict Pain Outcomes Following Primary and Secondary Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Amputees.

INTRODUCTION: Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) can prevent and treat neuropathic pain in amputees, but the degree of success varies. This study dev...

Artificial Intelligence-derived Measurements of Myosteatosis from Coronary Artery Calcium CT Scans to Predict COPD: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Purpose To evaluate the predictive value of myosteatosis as an opportunistic finding in coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scans for clinically diagnose...

Filling the Gaps in Health Data: Using a Machine Learning Approach to Augment Partially Observed Variables Such as Smoking in Claims Data.

PURPOSE: Missing information is common in real-world claims data, particularly on behavioral confounders, for example, smoking. Often one category of ...

From non-specific biomarker to targeted action: transdiagnostic and sex-specific drivers of high-CRP status in severe mental illness across the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise (FACE) cohorts.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low-grade systemic inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of severe mental illness (SMI) in a substantial subset o...

Frailty trajectories and risk of incident advanced CKM syndrome: A national cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: The interplay between frailty dynamics and the newly defined Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains poorly understood. We ...

Integrative transcriptomics, machine learning, and molecular docking reveal that nicotine exacerbates ischemic stroke: TLR4-dependent activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated microglial pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms through which nicotine (Nic) aggravates ischemic stroke (IS), with an emphasis on infl...