Smoking & Tobacco

Quantitative CT of emphysema, wall thickness and mucus plugs in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: relationship to clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema is the major structural damage visible on CT scans. However, there is little knowledge on the association between other structural abnormalities, such as bronchiectasis (BE), airway wall thickening (WT) or mucus plugs (MP), and clinical features. MATERIALS...

Predictors of glycemic control with imeglimin for type 2 diabetes: Results of machine learning analyses using clinical trial data.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying patient characteristics predictive of treatment response is crucial for optimizing type 2 diabetes outcomes. Using data from three phase 2/3 imeglimin trials in Japan, this analysis applied machine learning to determine characteristics associated with HbA1c improvement. METHODS: Regression tree and random forest methods identified baseline characteristics predictive of Hb...

Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and Modifiable Vascular Risk Factors: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between vascular risk factors, APOE genotype, and perivascular spaces (PVS), with ...

Design of the first national lung cancer screening program in the European Union: the Croatian Model.

OBJECTIVES: To address Croatia's high lung cancer mortality and late-stage diagnoses, the Ministry of Health initiated a multidisciplinary effort to d...

KLRB1 and IL12RB1 are pretherapeutic predictors of time to relapse in patients with psoriasis treated with IL-17 blockade.

BACKGROUND: Relapse of psoriasis after the cessation of treatment remains an unresolved clinical challenge. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of risk ...

Cancer as a main contributor to multimorbidity in the UK Biobank: analysis of risk factors using conventional statistical modelling and machine learning.

Cancer frequently co-occurs with other chronic conditions, contributing substantially to disease burden. Multimorbidity is an increasing public health...

Redefining oropharyngeal cancer in the HPV era: integrating precision medicine and immunotherapeutic frontiers.

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasingly driven by human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16, marking a shift in its epidemiology, prognosis, a...

Individual differences in effects of stressful life events on childhood ADHD: genetic, neural, and familial contributions.

BACKGROUND: This study elucidates the intricate relationship between stressful life events and the development of ADHD symptoms in children, acknowled...

TurkerPat: EEG-Based detection of hunger, thirst, and nicotine withdrawal.

BACKGROUND: One of the primary objectives of neuroscience is to gather information from the brain. Therefore, brain data are crucial for understanding...

Tumoral Skin Invasion Is an Independent Predictor of Rapid Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with 50% of patients recurring. A subset of patients experience...

Latent Class Analysis Identifies Distinct Patient Phenotypes Associated With Mistaken Treatment Decisions and Adverse Outcomes in Coronary Artery Disease.

This study aimed to identify patient characteristics linked to mistaken treatments and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in percutaneous coro...

Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and dissecting immune microenvironment with crosstalk genes in the POAG and COVID-19 nexus.

An underlying association between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and COVID-19 has been hypothesized, but the causal link and shared mechanisms rem...

A systematic review and narrative summary of the therapeutic potential of classic serotonergic psychedelics for smoking cessation and reduction.

BACKGROUND: Classic serotonergic psychedelics are 5-HT2A partial agonists that induce non-ordinary states of consciousness. Many have demonstrated ant...

Exploring explainable machine learning algorithms to model predictors of tobacco use among men in Sub Sahara Africa between 2018 and 2023.

Tobacco smoking is a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, with its prevalence shaped by various demographic factors. This study aime...

The Impact of Genetic and Acquired Risk Factors on Thromboembolic Events: A Retrospective Study.

This study, involving a cohort of 980 patients with arterial and/or venous events, evaluated the relative importance of genetic and traditional risk f...

In Vivo Laparoscopic Image De-smoking Dataset, Evaluation, and Beyond.

The development of effective algorithms for removing surgical smoke in laparoscopic surgery has been hindered by the absence of a paired dataset conta...

Progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in lung cancer clinical translation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks and transformers, have significantly impacted cancer care. For lung can...

Developing downstream processes for the purification of recombinant proteins and small molecules from Nicotiana benthamiana biomass.

Nicotiana benthamiana (Australian tobacco) has become a major host for plant-based recombinant protein production, especially using transient expressi...

Seminars in epileptology: How to diagnose status epilepticus in adults and children.

Status epilepticus (SE) can be regarded as the most severe expression of seizure activity characterized by a low probability of spontaneous cessation ...

The Bayesian mixture expert recognition model for tobacco leaf curing stages based on feature fusion.

The diverse visual features of tobacco leaves during various curing stages are influenced by multiple factors such as the origin of the tobacco and th...