Stem Cell Research

The Ethics of Prompting Large Language Models in Academic Publishing.

Here, we build on a letter published in 2023 in this journal ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-023-03272-4 ) on prompt engineering for academic writing. Drawing on ethics literature, both new and old, we reflect on the prompting of large language models (LLMs) from three different moral perspectives: consequentialism (the ethics of outcomes), deontology (the ethics of duties), and virtue ethics (th...

Retrospective population-based cohorts for assessing the performance of algorithmic diabetes classification and for quantifying the true burden of type 1, type 2 and LADA phenotypes in Quebec: a study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes affects 537 million people worldwide, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) estimated to account for most cases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and other specific types due to other causes remain under-recognised, especially LADA, given the absence of a standardised definition. In the province of Quebec (Canada), no population-based prevalence and in...

Exploratory immunomonitoring during radiochemotherapy in HNSCC and machine-learning reveal immune parameters associated with disease-free survival.

Immunological biomarkers are increasingly relevant for personalized cancer treatment, but peripheral blood-derived biomarkers are not yet used to guid...

Vaginal drug delivery for precision therapy in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: emerging technologies, translational challenges and future perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, inf...

ESM2-Kcr: a novel model combining protein language model and deep learning methods for predicting lysine crotonylation sites.

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a vital posttranslational modification that plays a significant role in diverse biological processes such as DNA replica...

Emerging frontiers and challenges of artificial intelligence in PSMA-PET imaging: pioneering a new chapter in prostate cancer care.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) has become pivotal in prostate cancer (PCa) management, offering superior s...

Balancing privacy and performance: the impact of facial defacing on AI in medical imaging.

BACKGROUND: Recent NIH Data Management and Sharing (DMS) policy updates and NIH controlled-access data security requirements have increased attention ...

Extraction solvent shapes the phytochemistry, multi-target bioactivity, and machine learning-predicted anticancer targets of Seseli libanotis.

Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. J. Koch (Apiaceae) is a wild vegetable traditionally consumed in eastern Anatolia, but its non-volatile phytochemistry and...

Speech-based relapse prediction in psychosis using explainable AI: Protocol for the international multicentre observational TRUSTING study.

INTRODUCTION: The course of psychotic disorders typically involves relapses. Early warning signs vary between individuals and are difficult to detect ...

Performance and label efficiency of traditional deep-learning models and a retina-specific foundation model for ocular and systemic disease detection: a retrospective comparative study.

BACKGROUND: RETFound, a self-supervised retina-specific foundation model, has shown potential in downstream tasks, but its performance in comparison w...

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems: From intelligent delivery to clinical translation and precision nanomedicine.

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) have become enabling technologies for small-molecule reformulation, RNA medicines, vaccines, gene edit...

Multimodal artificial intelligence-based long-term mortality prediction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a multicentre development, validation, and testing study.

BACKGROUND: Appropriate risk prediction is essential to inform long-term management in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis after transcat...

Cutaneous lymphomas - an update.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are heterogeneous T- and B-cell neoplasms defined by integrated clinical, his...

Machine Learning-Driven Design of Multicomponent Bone Inorganic Matrix Mimicking Scaffolds for Osteogenesis Enhanced by Neurogenesis.

Bone defects require materials with osteogenic, neurogenic, and angiogenic activity, yet designing such materials within high-dimensional compositiona...

The Phendo Project: How FemTech Is Advancing Endometriosis Research and Women's Health.

FemTech continues to evolve and advance despite persistent research and funding gaps. In this News and Perspectives article, JMIR Correspondent Jenny ...

Expert Fusion Network for Automated Blastocyst Morphology and IVF Decision Support.

Conventional morphology-based grading of blastocysts is subjective and inconsistent. Although artificial intelligence and deep learning methods have i...

Improvement of Clinical Practice Guideline Appraisal by Human Experts and AI Agents by Using Structured Guidance: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have increased rapidly, but inconsistent methodological quality limits their implementa...

Quo Vadis in Anatomical Research? Preserving the Conditions for Discovery in an Era of Predictable Outcomes.

Contemporary anatomical research has become increasingly integrated with clinical practice, generating substantial benefits for patient care and stren...

Development and internal validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in hospitalized children.

INTRODUCTION: Vancomycin is widely used for severe Gram‑positive infections in children, but vancomycin‑induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) limits its safe a...

When Markets Shape AI Mental Health Self-Management Tools: Consequences for Serious Mental Illness.

AI-enabled self-management health tools are increasingly promoted within health care policy as part of digital self-management models for mental healt...