Stem Cell Research

Estimation of dose and linear energy transfer for multi-spot single-energy proton probing beams using in-beam PET and neural network.

In-beam positron emission tomography (PET) enables online measurements of proton-induced positron-emitting activity and has been widely investigated for in vivo range verification in proton therapy. This study proposes a neural network-based method for the simultaneous estimation of three-dimensional dose and linear energy transfer (LET) distributions from in-beam PET data following single-energy ...

Urinary Peptide Signatures Distinguish Overactive Bladder and are Associated with Improvement in Incontinence Following Therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize urinary peptide signatures in patients with and without overactive bladder (OAB), identify peptide differences by OAB phenotype, and determine the association between baseline peptide profiles and improvement in incontinence following therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Peptidomic analysis using LC-MS/MS on urinary samples from 152 participants (100 OAB patients, 52 healthy c...

Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Mortality Prediction in Critically Ill Patients with Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Therapy: Development and Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to develop and validate predictive models to assess mortality risk among patients undergoing intra-aortic balloon pump (IA...

Sharp nanothorn-equipped ionogel microrobots for targeted periodontitis therapy.

Periodontitis necessitates targeted therapy due to its high prevalence, progressive tissue destruction, and systemic disease links. Conventional mecha...

Data-driven trajectories of atrophy explain clinical heterogeneity across Lewy body diseases.

BACKGROUND: Lewy body diseases (LBD) collectively share α-synuclein Lewy pathology, yet present wide clinical heterogeneity, with overlapping motor an...

Deep learning-enabled tissue engineering scaffold classification using cell morphology.

The physical properties and architecture of biomaterial scaffolds regulate cell morphology and function; however, evaluating these effects is often sl...

Radiomics Model Predicts Efficacy of First-Line CDK4/6 Inhibitor Combined with Endocrine Therapy in HR+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy is the first-line standard regimen for advanced HR⁺/HER₂⁻ breast cancer. Howe...

Predictive Value of Endoscopy in the Identification of Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Large-scale evidence on the role of endoscopy alone as the assessment tool to identify complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in loca...

Engineering Biology in an Age of Convergence: Evolving Research Leadership at the AI-SynBio-Robotics Frontier.

Artificial intelligence (AI), engineering biology (often called synthetic biology), automation, and RNA therapeutics are rapidly converging into integ...

Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Research.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases remain a major global health challenge, and while AI is rapidly advancing diagnostic techniques such as Computed Tomog...

Resting-state fMRI-based machine learning for predicting SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with significant societal impact. Although prior research has highl...

Emerging Ethical Considerations in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a scoping review of ethics-based literature published in the last 5 years in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS), and t...

Artificial intelligence, work, and structural inequality: Why human-centric AI requires institutional architecture, not just ethics.

BackgroundThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into labour markets, migration governance, and social protection systems is increasing...

Nurse-Led Large Language Model Chatbot for Predicting and Preventing Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Thirty-day unplanned readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) affects 10%-20% of patients and is a key quality indicat...

Convergences and divergences in nursing ethics across the European Union: A qualitative comparative analysis of national codes.

BACKGROUND: Nursing ethics guides practice, but European Union national codes were developed in diverse socio-legal contexts, generating heterogeneous...

Plasma proteomics linking primary and secondary diseases: Insights into molecular mediation from UK Biobank data.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and pulmonary diseases, yet clini...

Systems biology integration of miR-mRNA profiles identifies steroid refractoriness mechanisms and biomarker candidates in ulcerative colitis.

Approximately 60% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) show steroid resistance or dependence, underscoring the need for biomarkers predicting ther...

Kidney-specific deletion of the BicC family RNA-binding protein 1 triggers an ADPKD-like cystogenic program.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) arises from mutations in polycystin-1/PKD1 or polycystin-2/PKD2 that induce injury-repair pathway...

Integrative multi-omics reveals a prognostic and therapeutic landscape of synthetic lethality-associated signatures in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits considerable heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial tra...

Accurate prediction of gain- and loss-of-function missense variants in GABAA receptors.

BACKGROUND: Missense variants in genes encoding GABAA receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of common and rare epilepsies. Variant effects on ...