Surgery

Can AI generate safe anaesthesia plans? A comparative evaluation of three large language models on 100 synthetic cases.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anaesthetic consultation is essential for perioperative care, involving risk assessment, treatment optimisation, and planning of anaesthetic strategies according to established guidelines. Large language models (LLMs) could offer decision-support in this setting, but their autonomous capability to generate comprehensive, guideline-based anaesthetic plans remains unassessed...

Comparative analysis of key phagocytic genes in humans and mice using machine learning integrated with single-cell RNA sequencing.

Microglial phagocytosis is essential for neurological recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we compared microglial responses in murine and human ICH and identified striking species-specific temporal patterns. Murine microglia exhibited a sustained enhancement of phagocytic activity, whereas human microglia showed only a transient increase followed by a de...

Artificial intelligence, predictive modelling and robotics in minimally invasive surgery: Towards precision surgery.

Applying Artificial Intelligence to Facial Feminization Surgery: Understanding of Facial Anatomy, Surgical Techniques, and Patient Education.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning technology are on the rise, including ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, previously known as B...

Governance Framework for Safe and Ethical Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: A Modified-Delphi Consensus.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support systems (CDSS) demonstrate performance comparable or superior to human expe...

Auto-LSN: fully automated liver surface nodularity quantification in CT based on deep learning for the evaluation of advanced chronic liver disease.

OBJECTIVES: Liver surface nodularity (LSN) is a recognized non-invasive biomarker of cirrhosis. This study introduces auto-LSN, an artificial intellig...

Dynamic Eyelid Evaluation Using a Deep Neural Network in Upper Blepharoplasty: A Prospective Multicenter Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Upper blepharoplasty is the most common cosmetic procedure in East Asia. A natural Asian double eyelid features specific crease characteri...

Interpretable AI-driven prediction of early postoperative recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer using the Systemic Inflammatory-Nutritional Index (SINTI): A multi-center study and clinical web tool.

BACKGROUND: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and subsequently experience early rec...

A randomized controlled trial of artificial intelligence-based analytics for clinical deterioration.

This pragmatic randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a passive display of artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive analytics ...

Enhancing fMRI Decoded Neurofeedback with Co-adaptive Training: Simulation and Proof-of-principle Evidence.

A significant challenge for neurofeedback training research and related clinical applications, is participants' difficulty in learning to induce speci...

Utilising artificial intelligence to identify surgical anatomy during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy - a validation and feasibility study.

MARVpred: machine learning prediction of inhibitors targeting Marburg virus Gene 4 Small ORF protein.

The Marburg virus (MARV), responsible for severe hemorrhagic fevers with mortality rates as high as 90%, remains a significant public health threat. T...

AI-enhanced robotic hands: a breakthrough in early tumour detection and removal.

AI-enhanced robotic hands are rapidly reshaping tumour surgery by merging real-time sensing, precision mechanics, and intelligent decision support, ye...

Risk assessment in cardiac surgery: Exploring machine learning and laboratory indices as adjunctive tools.

BACKGROUND: Post-operative outcomes of cardiovascular surgery vary greatly among patients for a variety of reasons. While the specific reasons are oft...

SpineWave: Harnessing Fish Rigid-Flexible Spinal Kinematics for Enhancing Biomimetic Robotic Locomotion.

A core soft-robotics challenge for underwater locomotion is reconciling soft actuation's compliance with the control tractability and robustness of ri...

A punishment neural network-based acceleration-level joint drift-free scheme for solving constrained motion planning problem of redundant robotic manipulators.

To solve the repetitive motion problem of redundant robotic manipulators, a punishment neural network-based acceleration-level joint drift-free (PNN-A...

A Novel Risk Calculator for Nonhome Discharge after Lower Extremity Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Nonhome discharge (NHD) after lower extremity bypass is associated with discharge delays, increased postdischarge complications, and reduc...

Predicting the usage of seasonal drugs by utilizing advanced machine learning: An albuterol case study.

Manual forecasting of seasonal medication demand results in inefficiencies and labor burden. With the advancement of machine learning, there is an opp...

Impacts of delayed influenza vaccination on clinical outcomes in ICU-admitted patients with influenza: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is an effective measure for reducing the risk of severe influenza infection. However, the task of achieving adequate...

Internal validation of the French Attitudes toward AI in Defense (AAID) scale: Evidence from an open dataset.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a central strategic concern for military powers. Understanding public attitudes toward its use in defense may...