Surgery

Machine Learning-Based Identification and Ranking of Mortality Predictors After Hip Fracture Surgery: An Analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry.

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are a major global health issue with high mortality and morbidity, especially in older adults. One-year mortality post-surgery ranges from 22% to 36%, with many patients never regaining baseline mobility. While several predictors of mortality have been identified, their relative contribution to mortality risk within a unified survival prediction framework remains unclear....

Noninvasive and minimally invasive approaches for acute and chronic stress assessment in dairy cattle.

In modern dairy production, cattle are routinely exposed to a wide range of management-related, environmental, and biological stressors all of which can compromise welfare, reproductive efficiency, immunocompetence, and lactation performance when the animal's adaptive capacity is exceeded. Accurate and timely stress quantification is therefore essential for welfare monitoring, research design, and...

Automated deep learning-based retinoschisis and detachment volume measurement in pathological myopia with posterior scleral contraction.

PURPOSE: This study developed an automated deep learning-based system to quantify retinoschisis and detachment volume (RDV) in pathological myopia (PM...

Enhancing anatomical recognition by surgeons during pelvic lymph node dissection using artificial intelligence.

The lateral pelvis is a critical anatomical region in colorectal, gynecological, and urological surgeries. However, its anatomical complexity and vari...

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted full-course case management for primary liver cancer: System design, preliminary implementation, and practical considerations.

Primary liver cancer presents substantial management challenges across the surgical trajectory, including high recurrence rates, prolonged rehabilitat...

[Value of a deep learning-based visual model for predicting postoperative upper limb functional recovery after severe acute cervical spinal cord injury].

Objective: To assess the value of a deep learning-based visual model for predicting postoperative upper limb functional recovery after severe acute ce...

Postoperative cerebral infarction after major thoracic and abdominopelvic surgery: a retrospective single-centre cohort study of incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cerebral infarction (POCI) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of major non-cardiac surgery and is associated ...

Agreement between ChatGPT and emergency physicians in laceration management: A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Although large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are increasingly used in clinical reasoning, their reliability in procedural decision...

Artificial Intelligence for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis and Spine Fractures Using Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a major global health burden and often remains undiagnosed until fragility fractures occur. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometr...

Machine Learning for Evaluating the Heterogeneous Effects of Intensive In-Hospital Rehabilitation During the Postacute Phase After Hip Fracture Surgery on Activities of Daily Living.

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear which patient subgroups benefit most from intensive rehabilitation therapy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the...

Protective Effects of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Components on Postoperative Paralytic Ileus: A Double Machine Learning Analysis of 7,409 Colonic Resections.

INTRODUCTION: The evidence regarding which perioperative factors contribute to postoperative ileus (POI) is limited. Even within a multiple interventi...

Effects of Telerehabilitation Based on Motion Recognition Technology on Exercise Endurance of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Surgery: Single-Center, Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of primary pulmonary neoplasms. Complete surgical removal remains the co...

Development and external validation of a lightweight, explainable clinical decision support system for personalized perioperative risk stratification using electronic health records.

Late-preoperative risk stratification after final surgical scheduling may support perioperative risk communication, monitoring escalation, and resourc...

Imaging the hallmarks of cancer.

The hallmarks of cancer were introduced by Hanahan and Weinberg as a conceptual organizing framework to distil the complexity of tumours. This concept...

The readiness-anxiety paradox in artificial intelligence adoption among nursing students: a multidimensional regression analysis.

AIM: This study examined the relationship between medical artificial intelligence readiness and AI-related anxiety among nursing students following su...

Risk Assessment for Upper Urinary Tract Deterioration in Patients with Neurogenic Bladder: A Retrospective Study Using Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithms.

PURPOSE: Upper urinary tract deterioration (UUTD) is a burdensome complication in neurogenic bladder (NB) patients. In this study, we aim to develop a...

Is Nonpapillary Puncture a Feasible Alternative to Papillary Access in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard for treating large and complex renal calculi, but puncture path selection (papillary...

Natural Language Processing Improves Postoperative Discharge Instructions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the readability, understandability, and actionability of current orthopaedic discharge instructions and assess the effectiveness ...

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Surgical Case Creation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the performance of five large language models (LLMs)-ChatGPT-4o (OpenAI), Claude-3.5-sonnet (Anthropic), Gemini-2.0...

Plasma metabolomics combined with machine learning for postoperative prognostic stratification in hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer (BC) accounts for the major...