Surgery

Multimodal artificial intelligence for personalized hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategy selection

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment selection demands nuanced integration of heterogeneous patient data, yet prevailing predictive models rely on restricted data modalities and oversimplified therapeutic frameworks, compromising clinical translation. Objective We developed and validated a multimodal artificial intelligence framework to guide optimal treatment strategy selection acr...

RefineRank: Joint Box Refinement and Ranking for Surgical Spatio-Temporal Grounding

Surgical spatio-temporal grounding (STG) requires locating, at each video time specified by a procedural question, the object that the question asks about. Existing approaches face a trade-off: vision language models understand the question context but produce imprecise coordinates, whereas open-set detectors provide localized candidate boxes whose confidence does not reflect which box answers the...

Hierarchical Prototype-Memory Adaptation of SAM for Surgical Instrument Segmentation

Surgical instrument segmentation (SIS) is fundamental for computer-assisted surgery, where reliable instrument masks enable precise scene understandin...

Large-Small Model Collaboration for Zero-Shot Surgical Phase Recognition

Task-specific lightweight models for surgical phase recognition excel at capturing temporal dynamics but generalize poorly under domain shift. Convers...

Toward Vision Language Model-based Assessment of Clinical Quality and Usability of LGE-MR Images for Cardiac Ablation Planning

LGE cardiac MRI is widely used for left atrial fibrosis assessment and ablation planning in atrial fibrillation patients as knowledge of fibrotic tiss...

A Neurosymbolic Approach for Constructing Planning Domain Models from Clinical Narratives

Surgical procedures such as laparoscopic appendectomy are complex, high-stakes processes, yet formalizing their workflows for decision support remains...

The urinary-metabolite-based lung cancer index (uLCI): an interpretable machine-learning risk model for early-stage disease

BackgroundFive-year survival from lung cancer exceeds 60% at stage I-II but falls below 10% once metastasis occurs. Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduc...

A Multi-stage Precision Stratification (MPS) Framework for Navigating Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection

BackgroundRecurrence rates following curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain persistently high, benefit from adjuvant immunothera...

Beyond Instrument Motion: Recognizing Tissue Tension Toward Surgical Skill Assessment

Surgical performance assessment in minimally invasive surgery largely relies on manual expert review, making it time-consuming, subjective, and diffic...

Seizure Onset Zone Localization in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Using Self-Supervised Learning on Stereo-EEG

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is a central determinant of surgical outcome in drug-resistant focal epilepsy, yet identifying i...

On the Robustness of Temporal Vision-Language Models for Surgical Endoscopy Videos

Temporal vision-language models (TVLMs) offer a reusable, prompt-based interface for surgical video understanding, yet, their robustness under clinica...

TRUE-Colon: Exposing a Consistent Transfer Asymmetry in Real-Time Polyp Detection

Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for colonoscopy promise to reduce clinical miss rates, yet reliable real-world deployment remains elusive. Thi...

Label-Free Deep-Tissue Peripheral Nerve Detection with a Handheld Multimodal OCT Probe and NerveDetNet

Peripheral nerves buried beneath intact tissue are difficult to visualize during surgery and remain inaccessible to white light wide-field imaging and...

Chance-constrained selection of sequential intervention strategies from counterfactual estimates

Many operational decisions are sequences of interventions under a cumulative resource limit, such as a maintenance schedule within a crew-hour budget....

Intervention-Aware Clinical World Model for Post-Op Outcome Forecasting in Cardiology

Many clinical prediction models treat post-intervention outcomes as a one-step mapping from baseline measurements to a future endpoint. However, recov...

HandEdit: A Unified Benchmark for Egocentric Human-to-Robot Dexterous Hand Image Editing

Robotic manipulation with dexterous hands is a cornerstone of Embodied AI, yet its progress is stifled by the high cost of collecting embodiment-aware...

Automatic Field-of-View Adjustment for a View-Expansive Microscope via LSTM-Based Gaze and Pipette Motion Interpretation

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) operators frequently adjust the field-of-view (FOV) during procedures, which interrupts workflow and increases...

PolypVision: A Three-Stage Hierarchical Deep Learning Framework for Classification and Segmentation of Colorectal Polyps

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, predominantly arising from precancerous polyps. Accur...

Clinical Feasibility of Low-Magnification Fluorescence Imaging for Breast Cancer Margin Detection Using Texture Analysis and Deep Learning

High-resolution images of unprocessed surgical breast tissue can be obtained using microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE). This techniq...

Bootstrapping Vision-Language Model for Hysteroscopic Surgical Scene Segmentation

Hysteroscopic surgical scene segmentation plays a pivotal role in understanding the hysteroscopic intraoperative environment as well as computer-assis...