Surgery

Latest AI and machine learning research in surgery for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 9061-9080 of 12,513 articles

Hallucinations and Constraints : Regulating surgical workflow recognition beyond accuracy

Hallucinations are a major concern for the integration of artificial intelligence into medicine, although less explored in the realm of medical image processing. Unlike problems in natural text understanding and reasoning therewith, determining whether or not predictions derived from biomedical images and signals is less intuitively clear. This article suggests that topological errors could consti...

Aug 10 2026 2608.09332v1

PET/CT Radiogenomic Mutation Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Multi-Label Learning

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer- related mortality worldwide. Although targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), they rely on mutation profiling through tissue biopsy, an invasive procedure with several limitations. This study investigates PET/CT-based radio- genomic prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),...

Aug 10 2026 2608.09721v1
Toward Mask Annotation-Free Surgical Instrument Segmentation from Endoscopic Images Using Text-Prompted Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3)

Surgical instrument segmentation is a fundamental task for computer-assisted interventions, yet most existing methods rely on pixel-level annotations ...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08844v1
A Domain-Structured Ensemble Framework for Perioperative Outcome Prediction Using Electronic Health Record Data

Perioperative risk prediction models are often limited by narrow surgical populations, incomplete intraoperative data, poor calibration, and limited i...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08920v1
Multimodal Large Language Models vs. Medical Doctors in Degenerative Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Decision Concordance Study of 147 Patients

Objective: To evaluate decision concordance between commercially available multimodal large language models (LLMs), resident doctors, and senior-surge...

SurgNarrator: A Generative Retrieval Framework for Surgical Video Understanding

Surgical procedures unfold as structured and recurring clinical events, whose real-time understanding via intraoperative surgical videos is critical f...

Aug 5 2026 2608.04676v1
The Cost of Binarizing Survival Outcomes in Clinical Prognostic Modeling

Survival analysis is an established framework for analyzing time-to-event data, yet many clinical machine learning studies still binarize the outcome ...

Aug 4 2026 2608.04046v1
Localize, Don't Beautify: Client-Side Control of Image-Editing APIs for Cosmetic Surgery Previews

Ask a commercial image editor to preview a cosmetic procedure and it will often change more of the face than the request names: a nose edit can also s...

Aug 3 2026 2608.02841v1
Extended KAFR: A kinematic-adaptive paradigm for the efficient analysis of surgical video

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly applied to surgical video analysis for phase segmentation, skill assessment, and workflow optimization. A key ...

Aug 2 2026 2608.01058v1
Automating clinical trial outcome identification and misreporting detection using RegCheck

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and cost of RegCheck, an automated large language model (LLM)-based workflow, for identifying clinical trial outcom...

What Is Missing in Surgical Risk Stratification and Outcome Prediction: A Scoping Review of End-to-End Machine Learning Approaches

Postoperative adverse events, including mortality and morbidity, remain a major global burden, many of which are preventable through early identificat...

Jul 31 2026 2607.29090v1
First Investigation of Deep Learning for Intraoperative Gauze Segmentation in Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery

Surgical gauze is an essential part of surgical procedures, primarily used for controlling bleeding and absorbing bodily fluids. The post-surgical ret...

Jul 31 2026 2607.29132v1
TAVI-TEC: An AI-Based Tool for Procedural Planning of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is crucial for preprocedural TAVI planning, providing the anatomical information required for prosthesis sizing ...

Jul 31 2026 2607.29243v1
Localising the epileptogenic zone from single-pulse electrical stimulation responses using cross-trial attention

Background: Analysis of SPES responses often relies on averaging repeated stimulation trials to improve signal quality. However, this may obscure clin...

Physics-Aligned Self-Supervised Learning for Scientific Imaging

Data augmentations define the invariances learned by self-supervised learning (SSL). Standard augmentation pipelines were designed for natural images,...

Jul 30 2026 2607.28868v1
Machine Learning Prediction of 6-Month Functional Outcomes in IVH Using the Brainstem Dorsal Line: A Multicenter Study

[Abstract] Objective: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) carries high mortality and morbidity; accurate early prediction of 6-month functional outcome...

An Evaluation of DMR Informed Fine-Tuning of Tissue Array Pretrained CpGPT for Gastrointestinal Cancer Classification Using cfDNA Targeted Methylation

Background Cell free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiling is promising for minimally invasive cancer detection, but its translation is limited by high di...

Surgical Re-enactment for Operating Room Workflow Datasets

The introduction of new technologies, such as surgical robots, is driving the vision of a connected, smart operating room (OR). However, realizing thi...

Jul 27 2026 2607.24206v1
Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of SAM3 for Prompt-Driven Surgical Concept Segmentation

Efficient surgical segmentation empowers clinical diagnosis, intraoperative monitoring, and downstream robotic pipelines for reconstruction and simula...

Jul 26 2026 2607.23694v1
DBA-Bench: A Production-Fidelity Benchmark for LLM-Based Database Operations Agents

LLM-based database agents show promise, but differing task scopes, testbeds, and metrics hinder comparison. We identify four gaps between evaluation a...

Jul 24 2026 2607.22165v1
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