Surgery

Artificial Intelligence for Short-Term Modified Rankin Score Prediction after Acute Stroke Symptoms Using Wrist-worn Triaxial Accelerometry Data

Functional outcomes after stroke are commonly assessed via modified Rankin Scale (mRS). However, mRS is subject to patient and assessor biases and is impractical to collect in many cases, limiting its impact on post-stroke care. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry (WWTA) device data can objectively characterize post-stroke functional status and related changes...

TOWARDS AN AI-DRIVEN REGISTRY FOR POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS: A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDY EVALUATING THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF AI-MODELS

Continuous quality improvement is essential in surgery, with clinical registries and quality improvement programs (QIPs) playing a key role. Postoperative complications (PCs) require substantial resources to manage, yet traditional QIPs are expensive and often lays a significant labor burden on clinicians in data collection. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (N...

Validation of Natural Language Processing for Surgical Complication Surveillance: Detecting Eleven Postoperative Complications from Electronic Health Records

Postoperative complications (PCs) rates are crucial quality metrics in surgery, as they reflect both patient outcomes, perioperative care effectivenes...

Circulating extracellular vesicles in serum carry Trop2 marker for prostate cancer liquid biopsy and clinical care

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nano-to-micro-sized vesicles increasingly identified as valuable liquid biopsy tools for medical applications. ...

Deep learning clarifies association of osteoporosis risk with bone metastasis in premenopausal women after surgery for early-stage breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Adjuvant use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) to early-stage breast cancer (eBC) aims to maintain bone density, leading to prevention of bone metastasi...

Sex-based differences in imaging-derived body composition and their association with clinical malnutrition in abdominal surgery patients

Malnutrition significantly impacts surgical outcomes yet is difficult to identify preoperatively. Few studies have investigated the association betwee...

Development and Evaluation of an AI-Assisted, Privacy-Preserving Surgical Risk Calculator

Large language models (LLMs) have shown capabilities in generating functional code, yet their utility in the development of clinical prediction tools ...

Causal Forests versus Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting to adjust for Cluster-Level Confounding: A Parametric and Plasmode Simulation Study based on US Hosptial Electronic Health Record Data

Rapid innovation and new regulations increase the need for post-marketing surveillance of implantable devices. However, complex multi-level confoundin...

Plasma Cell-Free RNA Captures Immune Dynamics and Predicts GVHD after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Despite long-standing success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of blood cancers and severe immune disorders, monitor...

Integration of MRI radiomics and germline genetics to predict the IDH mutation status of gliomas

The molecular profiling of gliomas for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations currently relies on resected tumor samples, highlighting the need for ...

Variation and Standardization in Prior Authorization Requirements

Prior authorization (PA) rules are neither regulated nor standardized. To quantify the variation in PA rules of four US health insurers and examine th...

Clinical translation of ultrasoft Fleuron™ probes for stable, high-density, and bidirectional brain interfaces

Building brain foundation models to capture the underpinning neural dynamics of human behavior requires large functional neural datasets for training,...

Artificial intelligence-enhanced Electrocardiography Score for Perioperative Risk Assessment in Non-cardiac Surgery

The role of electrocardiography (ECG) has been limited in the preoperative risk evaluation in noncardiac surgery due to its low prognostic value. Rece...

AENEAS Project: Machine Vision-Based Real-Time Anatomy Detection. Application to the Pterional Trans-Sylvian Approach

Surgical success hinges on two core factors: technical execution and cognitive planning. While the former can be trained and potentially augmented thr...

Steroid Metabolome Profiling Identifies a Unique Androgen Hormone Signature Associated with Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent condition that affects 190 million women worldwide. There are no validated biomarkers for endometriosis ...

A comparative analysis of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in a pediatric cohort over 18 years

Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are diseases of major human concern. Differential diagnosis is complicated in children and adolescents by their overlapp...

The Neurosurgical Uncertainty Index: Self-Doubting AI for rare or unexpected surgical complications

Rare or unexpected postoperative neurosurgical complications pose a challenge due to clinical variability and gaps in available data. We introduce the...

Leveraging AI and Transfer Learning to Enhance Outcome Prediction for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Diverse Settings: Insights from the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study

Access to trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) models for clinical applications like emergency care is unevenly distributed globally due to health...

Short-term and long-term outcome prediction for patients with coronary artery disease using machine learning and comprehensive multi-center patient data

Revascularization decision-making for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) can benefit from accurate patient outcome prediction. While previous...

Protocol of the observational study STRATUM-OS: First step in the development and validation of the STRATUM tool based on multimodal data processing to assist surgery in patients affected by intra-axial brain tumours

Integrated digital diagnostics can support complex surgeries in many anatomic sites, and brain tumour surgery represents one of the most complex cases...